The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic An...

670. See above, the heading of this section.

671. C. I. L. 320.

672. See above, p. 50.

673. ch. i.

674. Marquardt, p. 2.

675. Pliny, N. H. 34. 54.

676. Plut. Marius, 26; Pliny, l. c. I follow Aust, de Aedibus sacris, p. 26.

677. Above, p. 156.

678. Ovid is the only authority for the worship of Fortuna on June 11 (Fasti, 6. 569); it is not mentioned in the calendars (Tusc. Ven. Maff.) which have notes surviving for this day.

679. By H. Jordan, Symbolae ad historiam religionum Italicarum alterae (Königsberg, 1885). See also R. Peter, in Lex. s. v. Fortuna, 1542, and Aust, Lex. s. v. Iuppiter, 647.

680. C. I. L. xiv. 2863.

681. de Div. 2. 41. 85.

682. Jordan, op. cit. p. 12.

683. See below, p. 223 foll., under Sept. 13.

684. Fernique, Étude sur Préneste, pp. 8 and 139 foll.

685. See also his previous letter of March 3.

686. He held ‘birth’ and ‘fortune’ to be words etymologically related. Cp. a communication from Prof. Kluge in the same number of the Academy.

687. Journal of Philology, vol. xi. 178; Studies in Latin Literature, p. 60.

688. de Civ. Dei, 4. 11. Cp. Serv. Aen. 8. 336.

689. l. c. ‘Castissime colitur a matribus.’ One of the ancient inscriptions from Praeneste (C. I. L. xi. 2863) is a dedication ‘nationu cratia’ = nationis gratia, which may surely mean ‘in gratitude for childbirth,’ though Mommsen would refer it to cattle, on the ground of a gloss of Festus (p. 167).

690. Jordan, op. cit. p. 12.

691. O. Gilbert, Gesch. u. Topogr. der Stadt Rom, ii. 260 foll.

692. St. John, iii. 30; St. Augustine, Sermo xii in Nativitate Domini: ‘In nativitate Christi dies crescit, in Johannis nativitate decrescit. Profectum plane facit dies, quum mundi Salvator oritur; defectum patitur quum ultimus prophetarum nascitur.’

693. See many examples in The Golden Bough, ii. 258 foll., and Brand’s Popular Antiquities, p. 306.

694. See R. Peter, in Lex., s. v. Fortuna, 1506.

695. Études de Myth. Gaul. i. 56 foll. On p. 58 we find, ‘La Fortune nous paraît donc sortir, par l’intermédiaire d’une image, d’une divinité du soleil.’

696. For the history of these symbols in Greek cults, and especially that of Tyche, see a paper by Prof. Gardner in Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. ix. p. 78, on ‘Countries and Cities in ancient art.’ The rudder seems to connect Fortuna with sea-faring; it is often accompanied by a ship’s prow (R. Peter, Lex. 1507); in connexion with which we may notice that even in Italy her cult is rarely found far from the sea. Cp. Horace, Od. 1. 35, 6 ‘dominam aequoris.’

697. 10. 311 foll.; Marq. 578.

698. R. Peter, Lex. 1505. She is also often represented with a modius, and with ears of corn. Cp. Horace, l. c. (of the Fortuna of Antium): ‘Te pauper ambit sollicita prece Ruris colonus.’

699. Ovid, Fasti, 6. 573 foll. Schwegler, R. G. i. 711 foll.; Preller, ii. 180.

700. Dennis, Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, vol. ii. p. 506; Gardthausen, ‘Mastarna,’ figures the painting (plate i).

701. Tac. Ann. II. 24; the fragments of the original speech are printed from the inscription at Lyons in Mr. Furneaux’s Annals of Tacitus, vol. ii. p. 210.

702. Juvenal, 10. 74, and note of the Scholiast.

703. Müller-Deecke, Etrusker, ii. 52; Dennis, Cit. and Cem. ii. 24.

704. Juvenal, l.c.

705. See below on Sept. 13, p. 234.

706. Müller-Deecke, ii. 308. Gaidoz, op. cit. p. 56, on the connexion between Fortuna, Necessitas, and Nemesis.

707. Gerhard, Agathodaemon, p. 30, has other explanations.

708. Bk. 47. 18. We owe the reference to Merkel, Praef. in Ovidii Fastos, clix.

709. His real birthday seems to have been the 12th, which, was already occupied by the ludi Apollinares.