Psychology of the Unconscious A Study of the...

698. An analogy is Zeus and Athene. In Rigveda 10, 31, the word of prayer becomes a pregnant cow. In Persian it is the “Eye of Ahura”; Babylonian Nabu: the word of fate; Persian vohu mano: the good thought of the creator God; in Stoic conceptions, Hermes is logos or world intellect; in Alexandria the Σοφία, in the Old Testament it is the angel of Jehovah, or the countenance of God. Jacob wrestled with the angel during the night at the ford of Jabbok, after he had crossed the water with all that he possessed. (Night journey on the sea, battle with the night snake, combat at the ford like Hiawatha.) In this combat, Jacob dislocated his thigh. (Motive of the twisting out of the arm. Castration on account of the overpowering of the mother.) This “face” of God was compared in the old Jewish philosophy to the mystic Metatron, the prince of the face of God (Josiah 5, 14), who brings “the prayer to God” and “in whom is the name of God.” The Naassens (Ophits) called the Holy Ghost the “first word,” the mother of all that lives; the Valentinians comprehended the descending dove of Pneuma as “the word of the mother from above, the Sophia.” (Drews: “Christ Myth,” I, pp. 16, 22, 80.) In Assyria, Gibil, the fire god, had the rôle of Logos. (Tiele: “Assyr. Gesch.”) In Ephrem, the Syrian writer of hymns, John the Baptist says to Christ: “A spark of fire in the air waits for thee over the Jordan. If thou followest it and willst be baptised, then take possession of thyself, wash thyself, for who has the power to take hold of burning fire with his hands?

Thou, who art wholly fire, have mercy upon me.” Usener: “Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen.” Cited by Drews: Ibid., p. 81.

699. Perhaps the great significance of the name arose from this phantasy.

700. Grimm mentions the legend that Siegfried was suckled by a doe. (Compare Hiawatha’s first deed.)

701. Compare Grimm’s “Mythology.” Mime or Mîmir is a gigantic being of great wisdom, “a very old Nature God,” with whom the Norse gods associate. Later fables make of him a demon and a skilful smith (closest relation to Wieland). Just as Wotan obtained advice from the wise woman (compare the quotation from Julius Cæsar about the German matron), so does Odin go to the brook of Mîmir in which wisdom and judgment lie hidden, to the spiritual mother (mother-imago). There he requests a drink (drink of immortality), but no sooner does he receive it than he sacrifices his eye to the well (death of the sun in the sea). The well of Mîmir points undoubtedly to the mother significance of Mîmir. Thus Mîmir gets possession of Odin’s other eye. In Mîmir, the mother (wise giant) and the embryo (dwarf, subterranean sun, Harpocrates) is condensed; likewise, as mother, he is the source of wisdom and art. (“Mother-imago” therefore may be translated as “phantasy” under certain circumstances.)

702. The magic sleep is also present in the Homeric celebration of the Hierosgamos. (See above.)

703. This is proved by Siegfried’s words:

“Through furious fire

To thee have I fared;

Nor birny nor buckler

Guarded my breast:

The flames have broken

Through to my heart,

My blood doth bound

In turbulent streams;

A raving fire

Within me is kindled.”

704. The cave dragon is the “terrible mother.” In the German legends the maiden to be rescued often appears as a snake or dragon, and must be kissed in this form, through which the dragon is changed into a beautiful woman. A fish’s or a serpent’s tail is attributed to certain wise women. In the “golden mountain” a king’s daughter was bewitched into a snake. In the Oselberg near Dinkelsbühl there lives a snake with a woman’s head and a bunch of keys around her neck. (Grimm.)

705. Faust (II Part):

Doch im Erstarren such ich nicht mein Heil,

Das Schaudern ist der Menschheit bestes Teil;

Wie auch die Welt ihm das Gefühl verteure,

Ergriffen, fühlt er tief das Ungeheure.

706. “Etymol. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache,” sub. Hort.

707. “Griechische Etymologie,” sub. κεύθω.

708. Pausanias: I, 18, 7.

709. Ocean, who arose to be the producer of all.

710. Rohde: “Psyche,” IV. Aufl., Vol. I, p. 214.

711. J. Maehly: “Die Schlange im Mythus und Kultus der klassischen Völker,” 1867.

712. Duchesne: “Lib. pontifical.,” I, S. CIX. Cited by Cumont: “Textes et Monuments,” Vol. I, p. 351.

713. There was a huge dragon on Mount Tarpeius, where the Capitolium stands. Once a month, with sacrilegious maidens, the priests descended 365 steps into the hell of this dragon, carrying expiatory offerings of food for the dragon. Then the dragon suddenly and unexpectedly arose, and, though he did not come out, he poisoned the air with his breath. Thence came the mortality of man and the deepest sorrow for the death of the children. When, for the defence of truth, St. Silvester had had a conflict with the heathen, it came to this that the heathen said: “Silvester, go down to the dragon, and in the name of thy God make him desist from the killing of mankind.”

714. Cited by Cumont: “Textes et Monuments,” Vol. I, p. 351.

715. Like his counterpart, the apocalyptic “son of man,” from whose mouth proceeds a “sharp two-edged sword.” Rev. i:16. Compare Christ as serpent and the Antichrist seducing the people. Rev. xx:3. We come across the same motive of the guardian dragon who pierces women, in the myth from Van Diemen’s Land: “A horn-back lay in the cavity of a rock, a huge horn-back! The horn-back was large and he had a very long spear. From his cavity he espied the women; he saw them dive into the water, he pierced them with his spear, he killed them, he carried them away. For some time they were to be seen no longer.” The monster was then killed by the two heroes. They made fire(!) and brought the women to life again. (Cited by Frobenius: Ibid., p. 77.)

716. The eyes of the Son of man are like a flame of fire. Rev. i:15.

717. Near the city of Rome there was a certain cavern in which appeared a dragon of remarkable size, mechanically produced, brandishing a sword in his mouth, his eyes glittering like gems, fearful and terrible. Hither came virgins every year, devoted to this service, adorned with flowers, who were given to him in sacrifice. Bringing these gifts, they unknowingly descended the steps to a point where, with diabolical cunning, the dragon was suspended, striking those who came a blow with the sword, so that the innocent blood was shed. Now, there was a certain monk who, on account of his good deeds, was well known to Stilico, the patrician; he killed this dragon as follows: He examined each separate step carefully, both with a rod and his own hand, until, discovering the false step, he exposed the diabolical fraud. Then, jumping over this step, he went down and killed the dragon, cutting him to pieces, demonstrating that one who could be destroyed by human hand could not be a divinity.

718. Cited by Cumont: “Textes et Monuments,” I, p. 352.

719. Compare Roscher: “Lexicon,” I, 2, 1885.

720. Out of dark places she rushes on children and women.

721. The triple form also related to the moon (waxing, full, and waning moon). However, such cosmic relations are primarily projections of metapsychology.

722. Faust (II Part): The Scene of the mothers: The key belongs to Hecate, προθυραία, as the guardian of Hades, and psychopompic Divinity. Compare Janus, Peter and Aion.