A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume...

241 Cp. the details given by Whewell, iii, 406–408, 411–13, 506–507, as to early theories of a sound order, all of which came to nothing. Steno, a Dane resident in Italy in the seventeenth century, had reached non-Scriptural and just views on several points. Cp. White, Hist. of the Warfare of Science with Theology, i, 215. Leonardo da Vinci and Frascatorio had reached them still earlier. Above, vol. i, p. 371. ↑

242Metamorphoses, lib. xv. ↑

243 He had just completed a work on the subject at his death. Cp. Mackenzie, Hugh Miller, as cited, pp. 134–35, 146–47. ↑

244Christianity and Judaism, pp. 256–57. ↑

245 See Charles Darwin’s Historical Sketch prefixed to the Origin of Species. ↑

246 Meding, as cited by Darwin, 6th ed. i, p. xv. Goethe seems to have had his general impulse from Kielmeyer, who also taught Cuvier. Virchow, Göthe als Naturforscher, 1861, Beilage x. ↑

247Memoirs of Newton, i, 131. Cp. More Worlds than One, 1854, pp. vi, 226. ↑

248 See Darwin’s Sketch, as cited. ↑

249 Letter of March 16, 1845, in Life of Whewell, by Mrs. Stair Douglas, 2nd ed. 1882, pp. 318–19. If this statement be true as to Owen, he shuffled badly in his correspondence with the author of the Vestiges. See the Life of Sir Richard Owen, 1894, i, 251. ↑

250 Mackenzie, Hugh Miller, p. 185. ↑

251Foot-Prints of the Creator, end. ↑

252Oxford Essays, 1856, p. 5. ↑

253Hist. of the Inductive Sciences, 3rd ed. iii, 479–83; Life, as above cited. Whewell is said to have refused to allow a copy of the Origin of Species to be placed in the Trinity College Library. White, i, 84. ↑

254 White, i, 70 sq. ↑

255 Edward Clodd, Thomas Henry Huxley, 1902, pp. 19–20. ↑

256 Luthardt, Fundamental Truths of Christianity, Eng. tr. 1865, p. 74. ↑

257 See the many examples cited by White. As late as 1885 the Scottish clergyman Dr. Lee is quoted as calling the Darwinians “gospellers of the gutter,” and charging on their doctrine “utter blasphemy against the divine and human character of our incarnate Lord” (White, i, 83). Carlyle is quoted as calling Darwin “an apostle of dirt-worship.” His admirers appear to regard him as having made amends by admitting that Darwin was personally charming. ↑

258E.g. the Education, small ed. pp. 41, 155. ↑

259 I am informed on good authority that in later life Huxley changed his views on the subject. He had abundant cause. As early as 1879 he is found complaining (pref. to Eng. tr. of Haeckel’s Freedom in Science and Teaching, p. xvii) of the mass of “falsities at present foisted upon the young in the name of the Church.” ↑

260 See a choice collection in the pamphlet What Men of Science say about God and Religion, by A. E. Proctor; Catholic Truth Society. ↑

261Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, ed. 1888, iii, 179. ↑

262 It is doubtful whether C. A. Walckenaer should be so described. His Essai sur l’histoire de l’espèce humaine (1798) has real scientific value. ↑

263 See the author’s Buckle and his Critics, 1895. ↑

264Europe during the Middle Ages, 11th ed. i, 377. ↑

265 Cp. his Decline of the Roman Republic, 1864, i, 345–47; and note on p. 447 of his translation of Plutarch’s Brutus, Bohn ed. of Lives, vol. iv. ↑

266 See The Dynamics of Religion, pp. 227–33. ↑

267 It is difficult to understand the claim made for Hegel by his translator, the Rev. E. B. Speirs, that any student of his lectures on the Philosophy of Religion “will be constrained to admit that in them we have the true ‘sources’ of the evolution principle as applied to the study of religion” (edit. pref. to trans. of work cited, i, p. viii). To say nothing of Fontenelle and De Brosses, Constant had laid out the whole subject before Hegel. ↑

268Primitive Culture, i. 2. ↑

269Life and Letters, i, 151. ↑

270Principles of Sociology, 3 vols. 1876–96. ↑

271 Cp. Saintes, Hist. crit. du rationalisme en Allemagne, p. 323. ↑

272Id. pp. 322–24. ↑

273 As to Hegel’s mental development cp. Dr. Beard on “Strauss, Hegel, and their Opinions,” in Voices of the Church in Reply to Strauss, 1845, pp. 3–4. ↑

274 E. Caird, Hegel, 1883, p. 94. ↑

275E.g.Philos. of Religion, introd. Eng. tr. i, 38–40. ↑

276Id. p. 41. Cp. pp. 216–17. ↑

277Id. p. 219. ↑

278 Cp. Morell, as cited, and pp. 195–96; and Feuerbach, as summarized by Baur, Kirchengeschichte des 19ten Jahrh. p. 390. ↑

279 Cp. Michelet as cited by Morell, ii, 192–93. ↑

280 As to Strauss cp. Beard, as above cited, pp. 21–22, 30; and Zeller, David Friedrich Strauss, Eng. tr. pp. 35, 47–48, 71–72, etc. ↑