The origin and development of the moral ideas

The belief in a future life, p. 515 sq.—Notions as regards the disembodied soul, p. 516.—The dead considered to have rights very similar to those they had whilst alive, pp. 516–520.—The soul must not be killed or injured, p. 516 sq.—Its living friends must positively contribute to its comfort and subsistence, p. 517 sq.—The right of ownership does not cease with death, p. 518 sq.—Robbery or violation committed at a tomb severely condemned, ibid.—Respect must be shown for the honour and self-regarding pride of the dead, p. 519.—The dead demand obedience, p. 519 sq.—The sacredness attached to a will, p. 519.—The rigidity of ancestral custom, p. 519 sq.—Duties to the dead that arise from the fact of death itself, pp. 520–524.—The funeral, the rites connected with it, and the mourning customs, largely regarded as duties to the dead, ibid.—The duties to the dead influenced by the relationship between the parties, p. 524 sq.—By the age and sex of the departed, pp. 525–527.—By class distinctions, p. 527.—By moral distinctions, p. 527 sq.—The causes from which the duties to the dead have sprung, p. 528–549.—These duties partly based on sympathetic resentment, p. 528.—The dead regarded as guardians of their descendants, p. 529 sq.—But the ancestral guardian spirit does not bestow his favours for nothing, p. 530 sq.—The dead more commonly regarded as enemies than friends, pp. 531–534.—Explanation of the belief in the irritable or malevolent character of the dead, p. 534 sq.—The fear of death and the fear of the dead, pp. 535–538.—The conduct of the survivors influenced by their

beliefs regarding the character, activity, and polluting influence of the dead, pp. 538–546.—The origin of funeral and mourning customs, pp. 541–547.—Why practices connected with death which originally sprang from self-regarding motives have come to be enjoined as duties, p. 547 sq.—Why the duties to the dead are rarely extended to strangers, p. 548 sq.—Explanation of the differences in the treatment of the dead which depend upon age, sex, social position, and moral distinctions, p. 549.—The duties to the departed become less stringent as time goes on, p. 549 sq.—The duties to the dead affected by progress in intellectual culture, pp. 550–552.—The funeral sacrifice continued as a mark of respect or affection, p. 550.—Offerings made to the dead become alms given to the poor, pp. 550–552.