The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

Igigi, explanation of name, 185; number of, and explanation, 185; spirits of heaven, 185, 200; gods in whose service the I. are, 186; their character, 186; associated with Anunnaki, 186, 593; altar of I. and Anunnaki, 186; chiefs of Eridu, 186; Ashur, king of, 200; Anu, their chief, 186, 207, 593; associated with the great triad, 236.

Incantations, see also Magical Texts; in therapeutics, 246; means and methods of, 270-3; gods invoked in, 273; sacred objects invoked, 274; gods in incantations par excellence, 275; the fire-god in, 277; favorite time of, 280-1; i. services, 281, 283 ff.; principle of sympathetic magic, 284; mixed with ethical conceptions, 292; in connection with prayers, 293, 301; the oldest fixed ritual, 294; no line of demarcation betw. prayers and i., 297, 307; points in common with and differences from penitential psalms, 312; the natural expression of popular beliefs, 326; demons exorcised by i., 330; connecting link betw. omens and i., 352.

Invocations, 165; in records of the 2nd Bab. period, 167; combined invocations, 235; where found, 235, 245; motive and manner of, 236 ff.; Tiglathpileser I., 236; Ramman-nirari I., 237; Ashurnasirbal, 237; Shalmaneser II., 237; Sargon II., 237; Sennacherib, 238; Esarhaddon, 238; Ashurbanabal, 238; gods in invocation and in actual worship, 238.

Ishtar, goddess Nanâ, 82, 85, 202, 311, 643; absorbs other deities, 82; epithets, 83, 151-2, 204, 237; functions in B.-A., 83, 459; functions in A., 83-5; in Gilgamesh epic, 84-5, 482, 501, 563-4; zodiacal interpr., 82-4, 310-1; relationship to Sin, 79, 84, 163, 565, 571; relationship to Anu, 84-5, 566; significance of these relationships, 85; variants, 82, 85, 202, 242; temple at Agade, 117, 242; temple at Calah, 151; temple E-mash-mash, 152, 205, 227; relationship to Sin and Shamash, 163, 571; goddess of war, 83, 164, 204; during Cassite and Nebuchadnezzar's I. reign, 164, 645; variants of Assyrian Ishtar, 202; mighty over the Anunnaki, 204; milder nature in religious texts, 205; mother of mankind, 204-5, 237; relationship to her devotees, 205; temple Kidmuru, 202; temples at Arbela, Nineveh, and Ashur, 205; I. of Nineveh and I. of Arbela distinguished, 205; Ab her sacred month, 205, 462, 685; wife of Bel, 205; Belit of the land (151, 206), 215, = Belit, 226; temple in Uruk, 81, 242, 311, 531, 639; worship in Uruk, 103, 242, 472, 475, 531 (see Nanâ); wife of Ashur, 227; associated with the great triad, 236; Ishtar and Anu, names of west. gates of Sargon's II. palace, 237; causes

the inhabitants to flourish, 237 (cf. 204); temple at Babylon, 242 (cf. Ninmakh), 640; in incantations, 273; in hymns, 310; temple E-tur-kalama, 311; in a penitential psalm, 318; prominence of cult of I. under Ashurnasirbal and before, 325, 342; in oracles and omens, 343-4; = Venus as name of planet, 370, 458-9, 571; importance of Ishtar-Venus in omen literature, 371-2; I. appears in a dream to the king, 374; personification of fertility, 459, 462, 482, 563, 587; causes decline, 483, 563; 10th month sacred to I., Papsukal, and Anu, 463; the Kizrêti, Ukhâti, and Kharimâti of I. in Uruk, 475, 485, 660; relationship to Tammuz, 84, 482, 484, 547, 564, 574; Ishtar's love fatal to her lovers, 482, 516; I. and Eabani, 484, 486; in the deluge, 501, 503-4; parallelism with Delila, 516; I. in the lower world, 564; the 6th month "the mission of Ishtar," 564, 684; festival celebrated in Ab, 685; correlated to Allatu, 587; I. cult under Ashurbanabal, 85, 206, 238, 648; cult under Nebuchadnezzar II., 648; figurines of, 674.

Ishum, god, 51; identity with Pa-sag, 101; in proper names of, 2nd Bab. period, 169; messenger of Nusku, 280; solar deity, 528; local deity, 528; attendant of Dibbarra, 529, 594; describes Dibbarra's deeds, 530 ff.; his wars, 533 ff.; associated with Sibi, 533; "the warrior," 533; associated with Nergal, 594.