How We Think

Abstract, 135-144 Abstraction, 155 f. Action, activity, activities, 46, 140 f., 157-169, 190 f. Active attitude and the concept, 128 Analysis, 111-115, 152 f.; in education, 112 Apperception, 199; apperceptive masses, 203 Application, 129 f., 212 f. Apprehension, 119 f.; see Understanding. Artist, attitude of, 219 f. Articulation, 3 Authority, 4, 25 Bacon, 22, 25, 33 Bain, 155 Balance, 38 Behavior, 5, 42-4, 54 f.; see Action, Occupations Belief, 1, 3-7; reached indirectly, 18 Central factor in thinking, 7 Children, 42 f. Clifford, 148 Coherence, 3, 80 Comparison, 89 f., 202 Comprehension, 120; see Understanding. Concentration, 40 Concept, conception, 107, 125-9, 213; see Meaning. Conclusion, 3, 5 f., 40, 77, 80 f.; technique of, 87 f. Concrete, 135-44 Congruity, 3, 72 Connection, 7; see Relation. Consecutive, 2, 40, 42 Consequence, consequential, 2; consequences, 5 Consistency, 40 Continuity, 3, 40, 80 Control, 18-28; of deduction, 93-100; of induction, 84-93; of suggestion, 84 f., 93; see Regulation. Corroborate, corroboration, 9, 77 Curiosity, 31 ff., 105 Darwin, 38, 90, 127 Data, 79 f., 95, 103 f., 106 Decision, 107 Deduction, 79, 93-100, 103; control of, 93-100 Definition, 130

f.; definitions, 131-4, 212 Development, of ideas, 83; see Elaboration, Ratiocination, Reasoning. Discipline, 63, 78; formal, 45, 50 Discourse, consecutive, 185 f. Discovery, inductive, 81, 116 Division, 131 Dogmatism, 149, 198 Doing, 139, 190 Doubt, 6, 9, 13, 102; see Perplexity, Uncertainty. Drill, 52, 63 Drudgery, 218 Education, intellectual, 57, 62; aim of, 143 f., 156 Elaboration, of ideas, 75 f., 84, 94 f., 103, 106, 209; see Development, Ratiocination, Reasoning. Emerson, 173 Emotion, 4, 11, 74 Emphasis, 112, 114 f. Empirical thinking, 145-9 End, 11 f. Evidence, 5, 7 f., 27, 103 f.; see Grounds. Experience, 132, 156, 199 f., 224 Experiment, experimental, 70 f., 77, 91 f., 99 f., 151 f., 154 Extension, 130 f. Fact vs idea, 109; facts, 3, 5 Faculty psychology, 45 Familiar, familiarity, 120-25, 136 f., 206, 214 f., 221 f. Fooling, 217 Formalism; see Discipline. Formal steps of instruction, 202, 206 Formulation, 112 f., 209, 212, 214-17 Freedom, 64 f.; intellectual, 66 Function, 123; function of signifying, 7, 15 General 80, 82, 99, 182 f.; see Principles, Universal. Generality, 129, 134 Generalization, 211 f. Grounds, 1, 4-8, 80; see Evidence. Guiding factor in reflection, 11

Habits; see Action. Herbart, 202 Herbartian method, 202-6 Hobhouse, 31 Hypothesis, 5, 75, 77, 81 f., 94 f., 108, 209 Idea, 75, 77, 79, 107-10; see Meaning. Idle thinking, 2 Image, 109 Imagination, 165 f., 223 f. Imitation, 47, 51, 160 Implication, 5, 75, 77 Impulse, 64 Induction, 79-93, 103; control of, 84-93; scientific, 86 Inference, 26 f., 75, 77, 101; critical, 74, 82; systematic, 81 Information, 52 f., 197-200 Inquiry, 5, 9 f. Intellect, intellectual activity, 44, 50, 62 Intension, 130 f. Internal congruity, 3 Isolation, 96-100, 117, 191 James, 119, 121, 153 f. Jevons, 91 f., 183, 192 Judgment, 5; factors of, 101; good judgment, 101, 103, 106 f.; and inference, 101 ff.; intuitive, 104 f.; principles of, 106 f.; suspended, 74, 82, 105, 108; tentative, 101 Knowledge, 3 f., 6, 95; spiral movement of, 120, 223 Language, 170-87; and education, 176-87; and meaning, 171; technical, 184 f.; as a tool of thought, 170 ff., 179 Leap, in inference, 26, 75 Leisure, 209 f. Locke, 19 n., 22-5 Logical, 56 f.; vs. psychological, 62 f. Meaning, meanings, 7, 17, 79 f., 82, 94, 116-34; capital fund of, store of, 118, 120, 126, 161, 174, 180; individual, 173 f.; organization of, 175, 185; as

tools, keys, instruments, 108 f., 120, 125 f., 129; See Concept. Memory, 107 Method, 46-50, 58; analytic and synthetic, 114; formal, 60 Mill, 18 n. Mood, 5 Motivation, 42 Negative cases, 90 Notion. See Concept. Object lessons, 140, 192 Observation, 3, 7, 69 f., 76 f., 85, 91, 96, 188-97, 223 f.; in schools, 193-7; scientific, 196 Occupation, occupations, 43, 99, 167 f. Openmindedness, 219 Order, orderliness, 2, 39, 41, 46, 57; see Consecutive. Organization, 39, 41; of subject matter, 62 Originality, 198 Particulars, 80, 82; cf. General, Universal. Passion, 4, 23, 25, 106 Perception, 3, 190; cf. Observation Perplexity, 9, 11, 72 Placing, 114, 126 Play, 161-7, 217-21; of mind, 219 Playfulness, 162, 218 f. Practical deliberation, 68 f. Prejudice, 4 Principles, 212 f. Problem, 9, 12, 33, 72, 74, 76, 109, 120, 191 f., 199, 207 Proof, 7, 27, 81 Pseudo-idea, 109 Psychological (vs. logical), 62 f. Purpose, 11 Ratiocination, 75 f., 83 Reason, reasoning, 75-8, 94 f., 98 Reasons, 5 f. Recitation, 201-13; factors in, 206-13 Reflection, 2 f., 5 f.; central function of, 116; double movement of, 79-84; five steps in, 72-8, 203 f. Regulation, 18-28; see Control. Relation, relationship, 82, 97;

see Connection. Scientific thinking, 145-6 Sense training, 190-97 Sequence, 2; cf. Consequence. Sidgwick, 127 Signify, 7, 15 Signs, 16, 171-6 Spiral movement, see Knowledge. Stimulus-response, 47 Studies, types of, 50 Subject matter, 58 f.; intellectual, 45 f.; logical, 61 f.; practical, 49; theoretical, 49; and the teacher, 204 f. Substitute signs, 177 f., 223 Succession, 3 Suggestion, 7, 12, 27, 74 f., 84 f.; control of, 84 f., 93; dimensions of, 34-7 Supposition, 4, 9 Suspense of judgment, 13, 74, 82 Symbols, see Signs. Synthesis, 114 f. Terms, 3, 72 f., 76, 79, 95 Testing, 9, 13, 41, 82, 116; of deduction, 96, 99 Theory, 138 Theoretical, 137 Thinking, complete, 96, 98 f., 100; see Reasoning, Reflection. Thought, 8 f.; educative value of, 2; reflective, 2; train of, 3; types of, 1 Truth, truths, 3 Uncertainty, see Doubt, Perplexity. Unconscious, 214 ff. Uncritical thinking, 12 Understanding, 116-20; direct and indirect, 118-20, 136 Universal, 9 Vagueness, 129 f., 182, 212 Vailati, 81 n. Venn, 17 Verification, 77 Vocabulary, 180-4 Ward, 110 n. Warrant, 7 Wisdom, 52 Wonder, 31, 33 f. Wordsworth, 31 Work, 162-7, 217-19