The origin and development of the moral ideas

Maternal affection, pp. 186–189.—Prof. Espinas’s theory, p. 186 sq.—Prof. Bain’s theory, p. 187 sq.—Mr. Spencer’s theory, p. 188.—Distinction between maternal love and the mere love of the helpless, p. 188 sq.—The paternal instinct, p. 189 sq.—Conjugal attachment, pp. 190–192.—The duration of conjugal attachment, p. 192 sq.—The duration of parental affection, p. 193.—Filial affection, p. 194.—Man originally, as it seems, not a gregarious animal, p. 195 sq.—How he became gregarious, p. 196 sq.—The gregarious instinct, p. 197.—Social affection, p. 197 sq.—The evolution of social aggregates influenced by economic conditions, pp. 198–201.—The social aggregates of savages who know neither cattle-rearing nor agriculture, pp. 198–200.—Of pastoral peoples, p. 201.—Of peoples subsisting on agriculture, ibid.—Social units based on marriage or a common descent, p. 201 sq.—The social force in kinship, pp. 202–204.—Mr.

Hartland’s theory, pp. 204–206.—The blood-covenant, pp. 206–209.—The social influence of a common cult among savages, pp. 209–213.—The “four generations” of the Chinese, p. 213.—Traces of a clan organisation in China, p. 213 sq.—The joint family among so-called Aryan peoples, pp. 214–216.—Village communities, clans, phratries, and tribes among these peoples, pp. 216–220.—The prevalence of the paternal system of descent among the peoples of archaic culture, p. 220.—Associations of tribes among uncivilised races, p. 220 sq.—Civilisation only thrives in states, p. 221 sq.—The origin of states p. 222.—The influence of the State upon the smaller units of which it is composed, p. 222 sq.—The State and the notion of a common descent, pp. 223–225.—The archaic State not only a political but a religious community, p. 225 sq.—The national importance of a common religion, p. 226.—The influence of social development upon the altruistic sentiment, p. 226 sq.—The altruistic sentiment has not necessarily reference only to individuals belonging to the same social unit, p. 227 sq.—The expansion of altruism in mankind, p. 228.