THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN AFRICA.
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Arnold, Thomas Walker, Sir
Source notes
105 Id. pp. 23–4. ↑
106 Id. p. 26. ↑
107 Id. p. 67. ↑
108 Becker: Islam in Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 14. The Moslem World, vol. ii. p. 3 sqq. ↑
109 A contemporary Ethiopic account of these tribes,—Geschichte der Galla. Bericht eines abessinischen Mönches über die Invasion der Galla in sechzehnten Jahrhundert. Text und Übersetzung hrsg. von A. W. Schleichler (Berlin, 1893),—seems certainly to represent them as heathen, though no detailed account is given of their religion. Reclus (tome x. p. 330), however, supposes them to have been Muhammadan at the time of their invasion. ↑
110 Henry Salt: A Voyage to Abyssinia, p. 299. (London, 1814.) ↑
111 James Bruce: Travels to discover the source of the Nile, 2nd ed. vol. iii. p. 243. (Edinburgh, 1805.) ↑
112 Munzinger, p. 408. ↑
113 I. L. Krapf: Reisen in Ost-Africa, ausgeführt in den Jahren 1837–55, vol. i. p. 106. (Kornthal, 1858.) ↑
114 Arabia Deserta, vol. ii. p. 168. ↑
115 Id., vol. ii. p. 109. ↑
116 Morié, vol. ii. p. 248. ↑
117 Reclus, tome. x. p. 309. Basset, pp. 270–1. ↑
118 When the Roman Catholics opened a mission among the Gallas in 1846, Abba Baghibò said to them: “Had you come thirty years ago, not only I, but all my countrymen might have embraced your religion; but now it is impossible.” (Massaja, vol. iv. p. 103.) ↑
119 Da Zeila alle frontiere del Caffa, vol. ii. p. 160. (Rome, 1886–7.) Massaja, vol. iv. p. 103; vol. vi. p. 10. ↑
120 Massaja, vol. iv. p. 102. ↑
121 Speaking of the failure of Christian missions, Cecchi says: “di ciò si deve ricercare la causa nello espandersi che fece quaggiù in questi ultimi anni l’islamismo, portato da centinaja di preti e mercanti musulmani, cui non facevano difetto i mezzi, l’astuzia e la piena conoscenza della lingua.” (Op. cit. vol. ii. p. 342.) ↑
122 Id., p. 343. ↑
123 Reclus, tome xiii. p. 834. ↑
124 The Lega are found in long. 9° to 9° 30′ and lat. E. 34° 35′ to 35°. ↑
125 Reclus, tome x. p. 350. ↑
126 Paulitschke, pp. 330–1. ↑
127 Ibn Ḥawqal, p. 41. ↑
128 Abu’l-Fidā, tome ii. 1re partie, pp. 231–2. ↑
129 Documents sur l’histoire, la géographie et le commerce de l’Afrique Orientale, recueillis par M. Guillain. Deuxième partie, tome i. p. 399. (Paris, 1856.) ↑
130 R. F. Burton: First Footprints in East Africa, pp. 76, 404. (London, 1856.) ↑
131 R. du M. M., vi. p. 288. (1908.) ↑
132 The Cape of Good Hope was in the possession of the Dutch from 1652 to 1795; restored to them after the Peace of Amiens in 1802, it was re-occupied by the British as soon as war broke out again. ↑
133 Among these was Shayk͟h Yūsuf, a religious teacher of great influence in Java and the last champion of the independence of Bantam; in 1694 he was removed by the Dutch to Cape Colony as a prisoner of state, together with his family and numerous attendants; his tomb is still regarded as a holy place. (G. M. Theal: History and Ethnography of Africa south of the Zambesi, vol. ii. p. 263.) (London, 1909.) ↑
134 M. J. de Goeje: Mohammedaansche Propaganda, pp. 2, 6. (Overgedrukt uit de Nederlandsche Spectator, No. 51, 1881.) ↑
135 Attention was drawn to them in 1814 by a Mr. Campbell. See William Adams: The Modern Voyager and Traveller, vol. i. p. 93. (London, 1834.) ↑
136 Sir T. E. Colebrooke: The Life of H. T. Colebrooke, p. 335. (London, 1873.) ↑
137 F. Coillard: Au Cap de Bonne Espérance. (Journal des missions évangéliques, avril 1899, p. 265.) ↑
138 Kumm, p. 233. ↑
139 C. Snouck Hurgronje (3), vol. ii. pp. 296–7. ↑
140 Jacques Bonzon: Les Missionaires de l’Islam en Afrique. (Revue Chrétienne, tome xiii. p. 295.) (Paris, 1893.) ↑
141 G. Ferrand, Les Musulmans à Madagascar, pp. 19, 50 sqq., 138. (Paris, 1891.) Id. Les Migrations musulmanes et juives à Madagascar. (Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, vol. lii. p. 381 sqq.) ↑
142 Richard F. Burton (1), vol. i. p. 256. ↑
143 Travels in the Interior of Africa, chap. xxv. ad fin. ↑
144 D. J. East, pp. 118–20. W. Winwood Reade, vol. i. p. 312. Blyden, pp. 13, 202. ↑