Primitive culture, vol. 1 (of 2)

522. Ayeen Akbaree, trans. by Gladwin; ‘Report of Ethnological Committee Jubbulpore Exhibition, 1866-7,’ part i. p. 3. See the mention of the ban-manush in ‘Kumaon and Nepal,’ Campbell; ‘Ethnology of India,’ in ‘Journ. As. Soc. Bengal,’ 1866, part ii. p. 46.

523. Marsden, ‘Sumatra,’ p. 41.

524. Logan in ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. i. p. 246; vol. iii. p. 490; Thomson, ibid. vol. i. p. 350; Crawfurd, ibid. vol. iv. p. 186.

525. Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. i. p. 123; vol. iii. p. 435.

526. Martius, ‘Ethnog. Amer.’ vol. i. pp. 425, 471.

527. Its analogue is bosjesbok, ‘bush-goat,’ the African antelope. The derivation of the Bosjesman’s name from his nest-like shelter in a bush, given by Kolben and others since, is newer and far-fetched.

528. Martius, vol.i.p. 50.

529. Humboldt and Bonpland, vol.v.p. 81; Southey, ‘Brazil,’ vol. i. p. xxx.; Bates, ‘Amazons,’ vol. i. p. 73; vol. ii. p. 204.

530. Castelnau, ‘Exp. dans l’Amér. du Sud,’vol.iii.p. 118. See Martius, vol. i. pp. 248, 414, 563, 633.

531. Petherick, ‘Egypt, &c.’ p. 367.

532. Southey, ‘Brazil,’ vol. i. p. 685; Martius, vol. i. pp. 425, 633.

533. Krapf, p. 142; Baker, ‘Albert Nyanza,’ vol. i. p. 83; St. John, vol. i. pp. 51, 405; and others.

534. Lockhart, ‘Abor. of China,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. i. p. 181.

535. ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. ii. p. 358; vol. iv. p. 374; Cameron, ‘Malayan India,’ p. 120; Marsden, p. 7; Antonio Galvano, pp. 120, 218.

536. Davis, ‘Carthage,’ p. 230; Bostock and Riley’s Pliny (Bohn’s ed.), vol. ii. p. 134, note.

537. Francisque-Michel, ‘Races Maudites,’ vol. i. p. 17; ‘Argot,’ p. 349; Fernan Caballero, ‘La Gaviota,’ vol. i. p. 59.

538. Horne Tooke, ‘Diversions of Purley,’ vol. i. p. 397.

539. Baring-Gould, ‘Myths,’ p. 137.

540. Williams, ‘Fiji,’ vol. i. p. 252; Backhouse, ‘Austr.’ p. 557; Purchas, vol. iv. p. 1290; De Laet, ‘Novus Orbis,’ p. 543.

541. For various other stories of tailed men, see ‘As. Res.’ vol. iii. p. 149; ‘Mem. Anthrop. Soc.’ vol. i. p. 454; ‘Journ. Ind. Archip.’ vol. iii. p. 261, &c. (Nicobar Islands); Klemm, ‘C. G.’ vol. ii. pp. 246, 316 (Sarytschew Is.); ‘Letters of Columbus,’ Hakluyt Soc. p. 11 (Cuba), &c., &c.

542. Details of monstrous tribes have been in past centuries specially collected in the following works: ‘Anthropometamorphosis: Man Transformed, or the Artificiall Changeling, &c.,’ scripsit J. B. cognomento Chirosophus, M.D., London, 1653; Calovius, ‘De Thaumatanthropologia, vera pariter atque ficta tractatus historico-physicus,’ Rostock, 1685; J. A. Fabricius, ‘Dissertatio de hominibus orbis nostri incolis, &c.,’ Hamburg, 1721. Only a few principal references are here given.

543. Grimm, ‘D. M.’ ch. xvii. xviii.; Nilsson, ‘Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia,’ ch. vi.; Hanusch, ‘Slaw. Myth.’ pp. 230, 325-7; Wuttke, ‘Volksabergl.’ p. 231.

544. ‘Chronique de Tabari,’ tr. Dubeux, part i. ch. viii. See Koran, xviii. 92.

545. Pigafetta in Pinkerton, vol.xi.p. 314. See Blumenbach, ‘De Generis Humanæ Varietate;’ Fitzroy, ‘Voy. of Adventure and Beagle,’ vol. i.; Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. iii. p. 488.

546. Knivet in Purchas, vol.iv.p. 1231; compare Humboldt and Bonpland, vol. v. p. 564, with Martius, ‘Ethnog. Amer.’ p. 424; see also Krapf, ‘East Africa,’ p. 51; Du Chaillu, ‘Ashango-land,’ p. 319.

547. ‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’ ch. xi.; Hunt, ‘Pop. Rom.’ 1st series, pp. 18, 304.

548. Squier, ‘Abor. Monuments of N. Y.’ p. 68; Long’s ‘Exp.’ vol. i. pp. 62, 275; Hersart de Villemarqué, ‘Chants Populaires de la Bretagne,’ p. liv., 35; Meadows Taylor in ‘Journ. Eth. Soc.’ vol. i. p. 157.

549. Gul. de Rubruquis in Pinkerton, vol.vii.p. 69; Lane, ‘Thousand and One N.’ vol. iii. pp. 81, 91, see 24, 52, 97; Hole, p. 63; Marco Polo, book iii. ch. xii.

550. Benjamin of Tudela, ‘Itinerary,’ ed. and tr. by Asher, 83; Plin. vii. 2. See Max Müller in Bunsen ‘Philos. Univ. Hist.,’ vol. i. pp. 346, 358.

551. Plin. iv. 27; Mela, iii. 6; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. i. p. 120; vol. ii. p. 93; St. John, vol. ii. p. 117; Marsden, p. 53; Lane, ‘Thousand and One N.’ vol. iii. pp. 92, 305; Petherick, ‘Egypt, &c.’ p. 367; Burton, ‘Central Afr.’ vol. i. p. 235; Pedro Simon, ‘Indias Occidentales,’ p. 7.

552. Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol i. p. 133.

553. Marco Polo, book iii.ch.xviii.

554. Ælian, iv. 46; Plin. vi. 35; vii. 2. See for other versions, Purchas, vol. iv. p. 1191; vol. v. p. 901; Cranz, p. 267; Lane, ‘Thousand and One Nights,’ vol. iii. pp. 36, 94, 97, 305; Davis, ‘Carthage,’ p. 230; Latham, ‘Descr. Eth.’ vol. ii. p. 83.

555. Plin. v. 8; vi. 24, 35; vii. 2; Mela, iii. 9; Herberstein in Hakluyt, vol. i. p. 593; Latham, ‘Descr. Eth.’ vol. i. p. 483; Davis, l.c.; see ‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’ p. 77.

556. Plin. v. 8; Lane, vol. i. p. 33; vol. ii. p. 377; vol. iii. p. 81; Eisenmenger, vol. ii. p. 559; Mandeville, p. 243; Raleigh in Hakluyt, vol. iii. pp. 652, 665; Humboldt and Bonpland, vol. v. p. 176; Purchas, vol. iv. p. 1285; vol. v. p. 901; Isidor. Hispal. s.v. ‘Acephali;’ Vambéry, p. 310, see p. 436.

557. Lane, vol.i.p. 33; Callaway, ‘Zulu Tales,’ vol. i. pp. 199, 202. Virg. Æn. viii. 194; a similar metaphor is the name of the Nimchas, from Persian nim—half, ‘Journ. Eth. Soc.’ vol. i. p. 192, cf. French demi-monde. Compare the ‘one-legged’ tribes, Plin. vii. 2; Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part iii. p. 521; Charlevoix, vol. i. p. 25. The Australians use the metaphor ‘of one leg’ (matta gyn) to describe tribes as of one stock, G. F. Moore, ‘Vocab.’ pp. 5, 71.

558. Hayton in Purchas, vol.iii.p. 108; see Klemm, ‘C. G.’ vol. vi. p. 129; Vambéry, p. 49; Homer. Odyss. ix.; Strabo, i. 2, 12; see Scherzer, ‘Voy. of Novara,’ vol. ii. p. 40; C. J. Andersson, ‘Lake Ngami, &c.,’ p. 453; Du Chaillu, ‘Equatorial Africa,’ p. 440; Sir J. Richardson, ‘Polar Regions,’ p. 300. For tribes with more than two eyes, see Pliny’s metaphorically explained Nisacæthæ and Nisyti, Plin. vi. 35; also Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 414; ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. i. pp. 25, 76; Petherick, l.c.; Bowen, ‘Yoruba Gr.’ p. xx.; Schirren, p. 196.

559. Kölle, ‘Vei Gr.’ p. 229; Strabo, i. 2, 35. The artificially elongated skulls of real Μακροκέφαλοι (Hippokrates, ‘De Aeris,’ 14.) are found in the burial-places of Kertch.

560. Plin., vii. 2.; Humboldt and Bonpland, vol. v. p. 81.

561. Krapf, p. 359.