Chapter V (continued 1)
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Source notes
81 Fairbanks, pp. 3, 7. ↑
82 Herodotos, i, 74. ↑
83 Cp. Burnet, Early Greek Philos. 2nd. ed. introd. § 3. To Thales is ascribed by the Greeks the “discovery” of the constellation Ursus Major. Diog. ch. 2. As it was called “Phoenike” by the Greeks, his knowledge would be of Phoenician derivation. Cp. Humboldt, Kosmos, Bohn tr. iii, 160. ↑
84 Diog. Laërt. ch. 3. On this cp. Burnet, introd. § 6. ↑
85 Herod. i, 170. Cp. Diog. Laërt. ch. 3. ↑
86 Diog. Laërt. ch. 9. ↑
87 Cp. Burnet, p. 57. ↑
88 Fairbanks, pp. 9–10. Mr. Benn (Greek Philosophers, i, 9) decides that the early philosophers, while realizing that ex nihilo nihil fit, had not grasped the complementary truth that nothing can be annihilated. But even if the teaching ascribed to Anaximandros be set aside as contradictory (since he spoke of generation and destruction within the infinite), we have the statement of Diogenes Laërtius (bk. ix, ch. 9, § 57) that Diogenes of Apollonia, pupil of Anaximenes, gave the full Lucretian formula. ↑
89 Diogenes Laërtius, however (ii, 2), makes him agree with Thales. ↑
90 Fairbanks, pp. 9–16. Diogenes makes him the inventor of the gnomon and of the first map and globe, as well as a maker of clocks. Cp. Grote, i, 330, note. ↑
91 See below, p. 158, as to Demokritos’ statement concerning the Eastern currency of scientific views which, when put by Anaxagoras, scandalized the Greeks. ↑
92 Fairbanks, pp. 17–22. ↑
93 See Windelband, Hist. of Anc. Philos. Eng. tr. 1900, p. 25, citing Diels and Wilamowitz-Möllendorf. Cp. Burnet, introd. § 14. ↑
94 It will be observed that Mr. Cornford’s book, though somewhat loosely speculative is very freshly suggestive. It is well worth study, alongside of the work of Prof. Burnet, by those interested in the scientific presentation of the evolution of thought. ↑
95 Diog. Laërt. ix, 19; Fairbanks, p. 76. ↑
96 Herodotos, i, 163–67; Grote, iii, 421; Meyer, ii, § 438. ↑
97 Cp. Guillaume Bréton, Essai sur la poésie philosophique en Grèce, 1882, pp. 23–25. The life period of Xenophanes is still uncertain. Meyer (ii, § 466) and Windelband (Hist. of Anc. Philos. Eng. tr. p. 47) still adhere to the chronology which puts him in the century 570–470, making him a young man at the foundation of Elea. ↑
98 Cousin, developed by G. Bréton, work cited, p. 31 sq., traces Xenophanes’s doctrine of the unity of things to the school of Pythagoras. It clearly had antecedents. But Xenophanes is recorded to have argued against Pythagoras as well as Thales and Epimenides (Diog. Laërt. ix, 2, §§ 18, 20). ↑
99Metaphysics, i, 5; cp. Fairbanks, pp. 79–80. ↑
100 One of several so entitled in that age. Cp. Burnet, introd. § 7. ↑
101Metaph., as cited; Plato, Soph. 242 D. ↑
102 Long fragment in Athenæus, xi, 7; Burnet, p. 130. ↑
103 Burnet, p. 141. ↑
104 Cp. Burnet, p. 131. ↑
105 Fairbanks, p. 67, Fr. 5, 6; Clem. Alex. Stromata, bk. v, Wilson’s tr. ii, 285–86. Cp. bk. vii, c. 4. ↑
106 Fairbanks, Fr. 7. ↑
107 Cicero, De divinatione, i, 3, 5; Aetius, De placitis reliquiæ, in Fairbanks, p. 85. ↑
108 Aristotle, Rhetoric, ii, 23, § 27. A similar saying is attributed to Herakleitos, on slight authority (Fairbanks, p. 54). ↑
109 Cicero, Academica, ii, 39; Lactantius, Div. Inst. iii, 23. Anaxagoras and Demokritos held the same view. Diog. Laërt, bk. ii, ch. iii, iv (§ 8); Pseudo-Plutarch, De placitis philosoph. ii, 25. ↑
110 Cp. Mackay, Progress of the Intellect, i, 340. ↑
111 Diog. Laërt. in life of Pyrrho, bk. ix, ch. xi, 8 (§ 72). The passage, however, is uncertain. See Fairbanks, p. 70. ↑
112 Fairbanks. Fr. 1. Fairbanks translates with Zeller: “The whole [of God].” Grote: “The whole Kosmos, or the whole God.” It should be noted that the original in Sextus Empiricus (Adv. Math. ix, 144) is given without the name of Xenophanes, and the ascription is modern. ↑
113 Grote, as last cited, p. 18. ↑
114 Fairbanks, Fr. 19. In Athenæus, x, 413. ↑
115 Polybius, iv, 40; Sextus Empiricus, Adversus Mathematicos, viii, 126; Fairbanks, pp. 25, 27; Frag. 4, 14. Cp. 92, 111, 113. ↑
116 Diog. Laërt. ix, i, 2. ↑
117 Fairbanks, Fr. 134. ↑
118Id. Frag. 36, 67. ↑
119Id. Frag. 43, 44, 46, 62. ↑
120 Diog. Laërt. last cited. This saying is by some ascribed to the later Herakleides (see Fairbanks, Fr. 119 and note); but it does not seem to be in his vein, which is wholly pro-Homeric. ↑