FOOTNOTES:
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Jastrow, Morris
Source notes
[808]E.g., IR. 52, no. 3, col. ii. l. 2; IIR. 38, 27b.
[809] The Greek name for the letters of the alphabet—symbolon, i.e., a "likeness"—illustrates the same view of the pictorial origin of writing.
[810] For illustrations, see Lenomant, Magie und Wahrsagekunst der Chaldaer, pp. 520-523.
[811] See the summary on pp. 198, 199, of Delitzsch, Ursprung der Keilschriftzeichen.
[812] See p. 436.
[813] Epping and Strassmaier, Astronomisches aus Babylon (Freiburg, 1889).
[814]Kosmologie, pp. 57-95. See especially the summary, pp. 82-84.
[815] See p. 89.
[816] See p. 48.
[817] On this ideograph, see Jensen, Kosmologie pp. 43, 44.
[818]Kosmologie, p. 134.
[819] See the following chapter on "The Gilgamesh Epic," and chapter xxv, "The Views of the Babylonians and Assyrians of the Life after Death."
[820] Jensen, ib. p. 140. See above, p. 67.
[821]bibbu.
[822]Ib. p. 99.
[823]Ib. p. 27.
[824] See especially Jensen's Kosmologie, pp. 46-57 and 144-160.
[825] Jensen, ib. pp. 108, 109.
[826] The constant order is moon, sun, Marduk, Ishtar, Ninib, Nergal, Nabu. E.g., IIR. 48, 48-34a-b.
[827]Vorgeschichte der Indo-Europaer, pp. 151 seq.
[828] On the older and later names of the Babylonians, see Meissner, Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, v. 180, 181, and on the general subject of the Babylonian months, Muss-Arnolt's valuable articles in the Journal of Biblical Literature, xi. 72-94 and 160-176.
[829] IVR. pl. 33.
[830] En-lil.
[831] See above, p. 99.
[832] Lit., 'Arakh-shamnu,' i.e., month eight.
[833] Rassam, Cylinder, col. lii. l. 32.
[834] Cylinder, Inscription l. 61.
[835]Ib. l. 58,—a rather curious title of Sin.
[836] The Talmud preserves the tradition of the Babylonian origin of the Hebrew calendar (Ierusalem Talmud Rosh-Hashshanâ, l. 1).
[837] For the irrigation of the fields.
[838] In some way indicative of its sacred character. It is to be noted that this month—Tishri—is the festival month among the Hebrews and originally also among the Arabs. The 'mound' is a reference to the temples which were erected on natural or artificial eminences.
[839] The latter is described by a series of ideographs, "herd" and "to prosper." Is there perhaps a reference to cows giving birth to calves in this month, the early spring? For another, but improbable, explanation, see Babylonian and Oriental Record, iv. 37.
[840] Lehmann (Actes du 8eme Congrès Internationel des Orientalists, Leiden, 1891, i. 169, note) admits the probability of an earlier and more natural system.
[841] Lotz, Quaestiones de Historia Sabbati, pp. 27-29.
[842] Sin, Shamash, and Ramman. See pp. 108, 163.
[843] See for other combinations Lotz ib., and compare, e.g., VR. 36, where the number ten is associated with a large number of gods,—Anu, Anatum, Bel, Ishtar, etc.