Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development

59. In The Myths of the New World, New York 1868. See Steinthal’s criticism of this collection in the Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie and Sprachwissenschaft, 1871, Bd. VII.

60. Myths and Myth-Makers, Boston 1873, p. 151 et seq.

61. In the sixth vol. of Waitz’s Anthropologie der Naturvölker, where I obtained information about Schirren’s works.

62. Les premières civilisations, Paris 1874, II. 113 et seq.

63. Gott in der Geschichte, I. 353; a passage which, with a large part of the volume, is omitted in the greatly abridged English translation.

64. Aegyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte, V. ii. 18–19 (English tr. IV. 28–29).

65. Even old Plutarch observed in reference to the then favourite explanation of the myths ex ratione physica: Δεῖ δὲ μὴ νομίζειν ἁπλῶς εἰκόνας ἐκείνων (i.e. of the sun and moon) τούτους (Zeus and Hera), ἀλλ’ αὐτὸν ἐν ὕλη Δία τὸν ἥλιον καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν Ἥραν ἐν ὕλῃ τὴν σελήνην (Quaestiones Romanae, 77). See Cicero, De Nat. Deorum, III. 24: Longe aliter rem se habere, atque hominum opinio sit: eos enim, qui dii appellantur, rerum naturas esse, non figuras deorum.

66. Spiegel still does this up to a recent date in his Eranische Alterthumskunde, II. 19.

67. See Tylor, Primitive Culture, II. 287 et seq.

68. The story of Osiris and Typhon e.g. originally personified the vegetative life of nature and the struggles incident to it, but was afterwards transferred to the destinies of the human soul. See Ebers, Durch Gosen zum Sinai, Leipzig 1872, p. 477.

69. Waitz, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, III. 183.

70. See Roth in the Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1848, II. 217; Albrecht Weber, Akademische Vorlesungen über indische Literaturgeschichte, Berlin 1852, p. 35.

71. See Kuenen, The Religion of Israel, London 1874, I. 226.

72. We shall treat of this in the Third Section of Chapter VIII.

73. Translated and given as an Appendix to this volume.—Tr.

74. How readily Alexander’s history was combined with the Solar myth is best proved by the fact that Arabian tradition gives Alexander a Sun-name, the variously interpreted Ḏû-l-karnein = the Horned, i.e. the Beaming.

75. Translated and given as an Appendix to this volume.—Tr.

76. Wayyiḳrâ rabbâ, sect. XIX.: hishchîr we-heʿerîbh.

77. See Gesenius, Thesaurus, p. 1406. b.

78. See Hermann Cohen’s dissertation, Die dichterische Phantasie und der Mechanismus des Bewusstseins, in the Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, &c. 1869, VI. 239 et seq.

79. On the German legends in which this idea occurs see Henne-Am-Rhyn, Die deutsche Volkssage, Leipzig 1874, p. 268 et seq.

80. See Ps. LXXIV. 13–14; LXXXIV. 11. There is nothing to justify those interpreters who, caring nothing for the remains of ancient myths, always wish to understand by Rahabh and Tannîn the kingdom of Egypt.

81. Angelo de Gubernatis, Zoological Mythology, II. 217. On the meaning of milk and honey in the Hebrew myth, Steinthal has written exhaustively in his Treatise on the Story of Samson, given in the Appendix.

82. See Weber in the Zeitschrift der D. M. G., 1855, IX. 238.

83. Al-Meydânî, Majmaʿ al-amthâl, II. 203.

84. Korân, Sûr. V. v. 69.

85. Sonne, Mond und Sterne [i.e. Bd. I. of Die poetischen Naturanschauungen, &c.], p. 4.

86. Die Naturgeschichte der Sage, I. 127.

87. See Excursus A.

88. Such names have often planted themselves firmly in popular tradition, and are accordingly mentioned in various quarters with perfect uniformity. So e.g. Ιαννῆς and Ιαμβρῆς, who appear both in Rabbinical writings and in 2 Tim. III. 8 (see Jablonski, Opuscula, ed. Te Water, II. 23).

89. See Wilhelm Bacher’s treatise, Kritische Untersuchungen zum Prophetentargûm (Zeitschrift der D. M. G. 1874, XXVIII. 7).

90. Leben Abraham’s nach Auffassung der jüdischen Sage, Leipzig 1859. Another good compilation is that of Hamburger, Geist der Hagada, Leipzig 1857, I. 39–50.

91. Bêth ham-midrâsh: Sammlung kleiner Midrashim und vermischter Abhandlungen aus der jüdischen Literatur, ed. Ad. Jellinck, Vienna 1873, V. 40.

92. Max Müller, Essays [German translation of Chips], II. 147; not in the English.

93. Rigveda, L. 8; CCCXCIX. 9.

94. Sonne, Mond und Sterne, p. 4.

95. Bab. Bâbhâ bathrâ, fol. 16. b.

96. See Kuhn, Ueber Entwickelungsstufen der Mythenbildeng (Abhandl. der kön. Akad. d. W. 1873, Berlin 1874), p. 144.

97. Berêshîth rabbâ, sect. 68.

98. See on the other side Ewald, History of Israel (2nd or 3rd ed.), II. 214.