The Mystics of Islam

Tholuck, F. A. G., Ssufismus sive Theosophia Persarum pantheistica (Berlin, 1821).

In Latin. Out of date in some respects, but still worth reading.

Palmer, E. H., Oriental Mysticism (Cambridge, 1867).

A treatise on Persian theosophy, based on a work by Nasafī.

Von Kremer, A., Geschichte der herrschenden Ideen des Islams (Leipzig, 1868), pp. 52–121.

A brilliant sketch of the origin and development of Sūfism.

Goldziher, I., Vorlesungen über den Islam (Heidelberg, 1910), pp. 139–200.

An account of Sūfī asceticism and mysticism by the greatest living authority on Islam.

Goldziher, I., Muhammedanische Studien (Halle, 1888–90), Part ii., pp. 277–378.

Gives full details concerning the worship of Moslem saints.

Macdonald, D. B., The Religious Life and Attitude in Islam (Chicago, 1909).

A valuable introduction to the study of the moderate type of Sūfism represented by Ghazālī. The chapters on psychology are particularly helpful.

Iqbal, Shaikh Muhammad, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (London, 1908), pp. 96 ff.

Gibb, E. J. W., History of Turkish Poetry (London, 1900–1909), vol. i. pp. 15–69.

Outlines of Persian philosophic mysticism.

Browne, E. G., Literary History of Persia (London, 1902), vol. i. pp. 416–444.

Brown, J. P., The Dervishes, or Oriental Spiritualism (London, 1868).

Unscientific, but contains much interesting material.

Depont, O., and Coppolani, X., Les Confréries religieuses musulmanes (Algiers, 1897).

A standard work on the Dervish Orders.

Hujwīrī, Kashf al-Mahjūb, translated by R. A. Nicholson (London, 1911).

The oldest Persian treatise on Sūfism.

ʿAttār, Le Manticu ’ttair ou le Langage des Oiseaux, translated, with an essay on the philosophical and religious poetry of Persia, by Garcin de Tassy (Paris, 1864).

Jalāluddīn Rūmī, Masnavī, abridged translation by E. H. Whinfield, 2nd ed. (London, 1898).

Masnavī, Book i., translated by Sir James Redhouse (London, 1881).

Masnavī, Book ii., translated with commentary by C. E. Wilson (London, 1910).

Selected Odes from the Dīvāni Shamsi Tabrīz, Persian text with English translation, introduction, and notes by R. A. Nicholson (Cambridge, 1898).

Mahmūd Shabistarī, Gulshani Rāz, Persian text with English translation, introduction, and notes by E. H. Whinfield (London, 1880).

A versified exposition of the chief Sūfī doctrines. It should be read by every one who is seriously interested in the subject.

Jāmī, Lawāʾih, Persian text with translation by E. H. Whinfield and Mīrzā Muhammad Kazvīnī (London, 1906).

A prose treatise on Sūfī theosophy.

Yūsuf and Zulaikha, translated into verse by R. T. H. Griffith (London, 1882).

One of the most famous mystical love-romances in Persian literature.

Ibn al-ʿArabī, Tarjumān al-Ashwāq, a collection of mystical odes. Arabic text with translation and commentary by R. A. Nicholson (London, 1911).