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Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Hughes, Thomas Patrick
YADU ʾLLĀH (يد الله). “Hand of God.” The expression occurs in the Qurʾan:—
Sūrah xlviii. 10: “God’s hand is above their hands.”
Sūrah v. 69: “The Jews say, ‘God’s hand is fettered.’”
The expression is a subject of controversy amongst the Muḥammadans. The Wahhābīs maintain that it is wrong to hold that it is merely a figurative expression, but rather that God doth possess a hand in such a manner as it exists, without attempting to explain the manner how. On the other hand, some maintain that it is merely a figurative expression for God’s power.
YAG͟HŪS̤ (يغوث). An idol mentioned in the Qurʾān, Sūrah lxxi. 23. Professor Palmer says it was in the figure of a lion. Al-Baiẓāwī says it was the name of a hero who lived between the days of Adam and Noah, who was afterwards worshipped in an idol of the name.
YĀ HŪ (يا هو). “O He!” that is, “O God.” An exclamation often recited by faqīrs or darveshes in their religious ẕikrs. The third personal pronoun singular, hū (huwa), “He” being a name for God, i.e. “He who exists.” [ZIKR.]
YAHŪD (يهود), the plural of Yahūdī. Heb. יְהוּדִי. Jews. The word used in the Qurʾān (together with Banū Isrāʾīl) for the Jews. [JEWS, JUDAISM.]
YAḤYĀ (يحيى). John the Baptist. The son of Zachariah, whose birth is mentioned in the Qurʾān, Sūrah xix. 1; iii. 34; and who is said in the latter Sūrah to have been sent with glad tidings “to confirm the Word from God (Jesus), a chief and a chaste one and a prophet from the righteous.” And in Sūrah vi. 85, his name occurs with that of Zachariah, Jesus, and Elias, as one of the “righteous ones.” [JOHN THE BAPTIST.]
YAʾJŪJ WA MAʾJŪJ (ياجوج و ماجوج). [GOG AND MAGOG.]
YALAMLAM (يلملم). The mīqāt or stage where the pilgrims from al-Yaman assume the pilgrim’s garb at the pilgrimage. [HAJJ.]
YAMĀMAH (يمامة). A province in the eastern portion of the Ḥijāz frequently mentioned in the history of Muḥammad.
AL-YAMAN (اليمن). The south-western province of Arabia. It is considered the most fertile part of the country, and is called the garden of Arabia.
YAMĪN يمين. [OATH.]
AL-YAQĪN (اليقين). “The certainty.” (1) A term which implies belief, sure knowledge, and which occurs in the Qurʾān to express the hour of death.
Sūrah lxxiv. 43–48: “They shall say, ‘We were not of those who prayed, we did not feed the poor; but we did plunge into discussion with those who plunged, and we called the Judgment Day a lie until the certainty did come upon us.’ ”
Sūrah xv. 99: “Serve the Lord until the certainty come upon thee.”
Muslims say there are three degrees of spiritual knowledge:—
1. ʿIlmu ʾl-Yaqīn (علم اليقين), that which a man apprehends with his intellectual faculties.
2. ʿAinu ʾl-Yaqīn (عين اليقين), that which he sees with the eye.
3. Ḥaqqu ʾl-Yaqīn (حق اليقين), that which he fully embraces with the heart; the highest form of spiritual knowledge, especially of the Unity of God.
YAQT̤ĪN (يقطين). Heb. קִיקָיוֹן. The gourd tree under which Jonah sheltered after he escaped from the belly of the fish. Sūrah xxxvii. 145, 146: “We cast him on a barren shore: and he was sick: and we made to grow over him a gourd tree.”
YAʿQŪB (يعقوب). [JACOB.]
YĀ SĪN (يا سين). The two Arabic letters ى and س corresponding to the English y and s. The title of the XXXVIth Sūrah of the Qurʾān, which begins with these two letters, the mystic import of which is said to be unknown. Al-Baiẓāwī says perhaps they mean Yā Insān! (يا انسان), “O Man!” Ḥusain suggests that they mean Yā Saiyid! (يا سيد), “O Saiyid!” whilst the Jalālān think the meaning is known alone to God. Muḥammad said this chapter was the Qalbu ʾl-Qurʾān, “the heart of the Qurʾān,” and it is consequently held in high estimation. It is usually read to dying persons.
Yā Sīn is a title given to Muḥammad with the belief that he is referred to as “O Saiyid,” in the first verse of the Sūrah referred to.
YAS̤RIB (يثرب). The ancient name of al-Madīnah, mentioned once in the Qurʾān, viz. Sūrah xxxiii. 13. According to the traditionist, the Prophet changed the name from Yas̤rib to Madīnatu ʾn-Nabī, “the City of the Prophet,” because Yas̤rib was a name of shame and reproach. (Majmaʿu ʾl-Biḥār, vol. iii. p. 499.)
YAʿSŪB (يعسوب). Lit. “A prince or chief.” The King of the Bees. A title given to ʿAlī. (Majmaʿu ʾl-Biḥār, vol. iii. p. 502.) A name of one of Muḥammad’s horses. (Richardson’s Dictionary.)
YATHRIB. [YASRIB.]
YATĪM (يتيم). [ORPHAN.]
YAUM (يوم). A day of twenty-four hours; pl. aiyām. In contradiction to lail wa nahār, “night and day.”
The seven days of the week are known as:
Yaumu ʾl-aḥad, first day, Sunday.
Yaumu ʾl-is̤nain, second day, Monday.
Yaumu ʾl-s̤alās̤āʾ, third day, Tuesday.
Yaumu ʾl-arbaʿāʾ, fourth day, Wednesday.
Yaumu ʾl-k͟hamīs, fifth day, Thursday.
Yaumu ʾl-jumʿah, day of Assembly, Friday.
Yaumu ʾs-sabt, Sabbath day, Saturday.
YAUMU ʾD-DĪN (يوم الدين). “Day of Judgment.”
Sūrah i. 4: “The King of the Day of Judgment.”
Sūrah lxxxiii. 17: “What shall make thee know what the Day of Judgment is?”