THE SPREAD OF ISLAM AMONG THE CHRISTIAN NATIONS OF WESTERN ASIA.
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Arnold, Thomas Walker, Sir
Source notes
43 Abū Yūsuf (p. 82) says that Christians were to be allowed to go in procession once a year with crosses, but not with banners; outside the city, not inside where the mosques were. ↑
44 The nāqūs, lit. an oblong piece of wood, struck with a rod. ↑
45 Gottheil, pp. 382–4, where references are given to the various versions of this document. ↑
46 There is evidence to show that the Arab conquerors left unchanged the fiscal system that they found prevailing in the lands they conquered from the Byzantines, and that the explanation of jizyah as a capitation-tax is an invention of later jurists, ignorant of the true condition of affairs in the early days of Islam. (Caetani, vol. iv. p. 610 (§ 231); vol. v. p. 449.) H. Lammens: Ziād ibn Abīhi. (Rivista degli Studi Orientali, vol. iv. p. 215.) ↑
47 Goldziher, vol. i. pp. 50–7, 427–30. Caetani, vol. v. p. 311 sqq. ↑
48 Caetani, vol. v. pp. 424 (§ 752), 432. ↑
49 Balād͟hurī, pp. 124–5. ↑
50 A. von Kremer (1), vol. i. pp. 60, 436. ↑
51 A dirham is about fivepence. ↑
52 Bell, pp. xxv, 173. ↑
53 Abū Yūsuf, pp. 69–71. ↑
54 Ṭabarī, Prima Series, p. 2055. ↑
55 Id. p. 2050. ↑
56 Abū Yūsuf, p. 81. ↑
57 Balād͟hurī, p. 159. ↑
58 Ṭabarī, Prima Series, p. 2665. ↑
59 Marsigli, vol. i. p. 86 (he calls them “Musellim”). ↑
60 Finlay, vol. vi. pp. 30, 33. ↑
61 Lazăr, p. 56. ↑
62 De la Jonquière, p. 14. ↑
63 Thomas Smith, p. 324. ↑
64 Dorostamus, p. 326. ↑
65 De la Jonquière, p. 265. ↑
66 Lammens, p. 13. ↑
67 Ibn Abī Usaybiʻah, vol. i. p. 164. ↑
68 Michael the Elder, vol. ii. p. 475. ↑
69 Mārī b. Sulaymān, p. 71 (l. 16). Abū Nūḥ al-Anbārī wrote a refutation of the Qurʼān and other theological works (Wright, p. 191 n. 3). ↑
70 Mārī b. Sulaymān, p. 84. ↑
71 Hilāl al-Ṣābī, p. 95. ↑
72 Ibn al-At͟hīr, vol. ix. p. 16. ↑
73 Von Kremer (1), vol. i. pp. 167–8. Lammens, p. 11. ↑
74 Renaudot, pp. 430, 540. ↑
75 Von Kremer (1), vol. ii. pp. 180–1. ↑
76 Von Kremer (1), vol. i. p. 183. ↑
77 Caetani, vol. iii. pp. 350 sq., 387 sqq. ↑
78 Gottheil, pp. 360–1. Goldziher: Zur Literatur des Ichtilâf al-maḏâhib, ZDMG., vol. 38, pp. 673–4. ↑
79 On this theoretical character of much of Muslim legal literature, see Snouck Hurgronje: Mohammedanisches Recht in Theorie und Wirklichkeit. ↑
80 Gottheil, p. 363. ↑
81 Gottheil, pp. 358–9, however, doubts whether there is evidence for attributing this intolerance to ʻUmar II. ↑
82 Journal Asiatique, IVme série, tome xviii. (1851), pp. 433, 450. Ṭabarī, III, p. 1419. ↑