Creative Evolution

Abolition of everything a self-contradiction, 280, 283, 296, 298 idea of, 279, 282, 283, 295, 296. See Nought Absence of order, 231, 234, 274. See Disorder Absolute and freedom, 277 reality, 99, 228-9, 269, 358, 361 reality of the person, 269 time and the, 239, 240, 298, 340, 344 Absoluteness of duration, 206 of understanding, xi, 47, 152, 190, 197, 199 Abstract becoming, 304-7 multiplicity, 257-9 time, 9, 17, 20-2, 37, 39, 46, 51, 163, 318-9, 336, 352-3 Accident and essence in Aristotle's philosophy, 353 in evolution, 86-7, 104, 114-5, 127, 169, 170, 252, 254-5, 266, 267, 326-7 Accidental variations, 55, 63, 68, 69, 74, 85-6, 168 Accumulation of energy, function of vegetable organisms, 253, 255 Achilles and tortoise, in Zeno, 311, 312-3 Acquired characters, inheritance of, 76-9, 83-4, 87, 169, 170, 173, 231 Act, consciousness as inadequacy of, to representation, 144 form (or essence), quality, three classes of representation, 302-3 Action, creativeness of free, 192, 247 and concepts, 160, 297 and consciousness, xiii, 5, 143-4, 145, 179-80, 207, 262 discontinuity of, 154, 307 freedom of, in animals, 130 as function of nervous system, 262-3 indivisibility of, 94, 95, 308-9 and inert

matter, 96, 136, 141-2, 156, 187, 198, 226, 366 instinct and, 136, 141 instrument of, consciousness, 180 instrument of, life, 162 instrument of matter, 161, 198-9 as instrument of consciousness, 180 and intellect. See Intellect and action intensity of consciousness varies with ratio of possible, to real, 145 meaning of, 301-3 moves from want to fulness, 297, 298 organism a machine for, 252, 254, 300 and perception, 5, 11, 12, 93, 188, 189, 206, 227-30, 300, 307, 368 possible, 12, 13, 96, 144, 145, 146-7, 159, 165, 179-81, 188, 264 and science, 93, 195-6, 198-9, 329-30 and space, 203 sphere of the intellect, 155 tension in a free, 200, 207, 238, 240, 301-2 Activity, dissatisfaction the starting-point of, 297 of instinct, continuous with vital process, 139, 140 life as, 128-9, 247 mutually inverse factors in vital, 248 and nervous system, 110, 130, 132-3, 134-5, 180, 252, 261-3 organism as, 174 potential. See Action, possible tension of free, 200, 202, 207-8, 223-4, 237, 239, 300-1 and torpor in evolution, 109, 111, 113, 114, 119-20, 129-30, 135-6, 181, 292 vital, has evolved divergently, 134 See Divergent lines of evolution Adaptation, 50-1, 55, 57-8, 59, 70, 101, 129, 133, 192,

255, 270, 305-6 and causation, 102 mutual, between materiality and intellectuality, 187, 206-7 and progress, 101-2 Adequate and inadequate in Spinoza, 353 Adjectives, substantives and verbs, 303-4, 315 Aesthetics and philosophy, 177 Affection, Role of, in the idea of chance, 234 in the idea of nought, 281-3, 289, 293, 295, 296 in negation, 286-7 Affirmation and negation, 285-6, 293 Age and individuality, 15-6 Albuminoid substances, 121-2 Alciope, 96 Alexandrian philosophy, 322, 323 Algae in illustration of probable consciousness in vegetable forms, 112 Alimentation, 113-4, 117, 247 Allegory of the Cave, 191 Alternations of increase and decrease of mutability of the universe, 245-6 Alveolar froth, 33-4 Ambiguity of the idea of "generality" in philosophy, 230-1, 320-1 of primitive organisms, 99, 112, 113, 129-30 Ammophila hirsuta, paralyzing instinct in, 173 Amoeba, in illustration of imitation of the living by the unorganized, 33-6 in illustration of the ambiguity of primitive organisms, 99 in illustration of the mobility characteristic of animals, 108 in illustration of the "explosive" expenditure of energy characteristic of animals, 120, 253 Anagenesis, 34 Anarchy, idea of, 233,

234. See Disorder Anatomy, comparative, and transformism, 25 Ancient philosophy, Achilles and tortoise, 311-2 Alexandrian philosophy, 322-3 Allegory of the Cave, 191 Anima (De), 322 note Apogee of sensible object, 344, 345, 349 Archimedes, 343-4 Aristotle, 135, 174-5, 227-8, 314, 316, 321, 323, 324, 328-33, 347, 349, 353, 356, 370 Arrow of Zeno, 308-13 ascent toward God, in Aristotle, 323 Astronomy, ancient and modern, 334-6 attraction and impulsion in, 323-4 becoming in, 313-4, 317 bow and indivisibility of motion, 308-9 Caelo (De), of Aristotle, 322 note, 324 note and Cartesian geometry, 334-5 causality in, 323, 325-6 change in, 313-4, 317, 328-9, 342-3 cinematographical nature of, 315 circularity of God's thought, 323-4 concentric spheres, 328 concepts, 326-7, 356 "conversion" and "procession" in, 323 degradation of ideas into sensible flux, 317-8, 321, 323-4, 327, 328, 343-5, 352-3 degrees of reality, 323-4, 327 diminution, derivation of becoming by. See Degradation of Ideas, etc. duration, 317-9 note, 323-4, 327-9 Eleatic philosophy, 308, 314 Enneads of Plotinus, 210 note essence and accident, 354 essence or form, 314-5 eternal, 317-8, 324-6 Eternity, 317-8, 320, 324, 328-9

extension, 210 note, 318, 324, 327 form or idea, 314-20, 322, 327, 329-31, 352 geometry, Cartesian, and ancient philosophy, 334 God of Aristotle, 196-7, 322-4, 349, 352, 356 υλη, 353 Idea, 314-22, 352-3 and indivisibility of motion, 307-8, 311 intelligible reality in, 326 intelligibles of Plotinus, 353 λσγος, of Plotinus, 210 note matter in Aristotle's philosophy, 316, 327 and modern astronomy, 333-4, 335 and modern geometry, 333-4 and modern philosophy, 226-7, 228-9, 232, 281-2, 344-5, 346, 349-51, 364, 369 and modern science, 329-30, 336, 342-3, 344-5, 357 motion in, 307-8, 312-3 necessity in, 327 νοησεως νοησις, 356 non-being, 316, 327 νους ποιητικος, 322 oscillation about being, sensible reality as, 317-8 Physics of Aristotle, 227-8 note, 324 note, 330-1 Plato, 48, 156, 191, 210 note, 316-8, 321-4, 327, 330, 348, 349 Plotinus, 210, 316, 323, 326 note, 349, 352-4 procession in Alexandrian philosophy, 323 ψνχη, 210 note, 350 realism in, 232 refraction of idea through matter or non-being, 317 sectioning of becoming, 318-9 sensible reality, 314, 316-8, 321, 327-9, 352-3 σωμα, 350 space and time, 317-9, 320 Timaeus, 318 note time in ancient and in modern science, 330-1, 336-7,

341-4 time and space, 317-9, 320 vision of God in Alexandrian philosophy, 322 Zeno, 308, 313 Ancient science and modern, 329-31, 336-7, 342-5, 357 Anima (De), of Aristotle, 322 note Animal kingdom, 12, 105-6, 119-21, 126, 129, 131-2, 134-6, 137-8, 139, 179, 184-5 Animals, 105-47, 167, 170, 181, 183, 187, 212, 214, 246, 252, 253, 254, 262-5, 267, 271, 293, 301 deduction in, 212 induction in, 214 and man, 139-43, 183, 187, 188, 212, 263, 264, 267 and man in respect to brain, 183, 184-5, 263-5 and man in respect to consciousness, 139-43, 180, 183, 187, 188, 192, 212, 263-8 and man in respect to instruments of action, 139-43, 150-1 and man in respect to intelligence, 137-8, 187, 188, 191-2, 212 and plants, 105-39, 124-6, 143, 145, 146-7, 168-70, 181-2, 253, 254, 293 and plants in respect to activity of consciousness, 109, 111, 113, 119-21, 128-9, 132, 134-6, 142-3, 144, 181-2, 293 and plants in respect to function, 117-8, 121-2, 127 and plants in respect to instinct, 167, 170 and plants in respect to mobility, 109, 110, 113, 129-30, 132-3, 135, 181 and plants in respect to nature of consciousness, 134-5 Antagonistic currents of the vital impetus, 129, 135-6, 181, 184, 250, 258-9

Anthophora, 146-7 Antinomies of Kant, 204, 205 Antipathy. See Sympathy, Feeling, Divination Antithesis and thesis, 205 Ants, 101, 134, 140, 157 Ape's brain and consciousness contrasted with man's, 263 Aphasia, 181 Apidae, social instinct in the, 171 Apogee of instinct in the hymenoptera and of intelligence in man, 174-5 See Evolutionary superiority Apogee of sensible object, in philosophy of Ideas, 343-4, 349 Approximateness of the knowledge of matter, 206-7 Approximation, in matter, to the mathematical order, 218. See Order Archimedes, 333-4 Aristotle. See Ancient Philosophy, Aristotle Arrow, Flying, of Zeno, 308-9, 310, 312-3 Art, 6-7, 29 note, 45, 89, 177 Artemia Salina, transformations of, 72, 73 Arthropods in evolution, 130-5, 142 Articulate species, 133 Articulations of matter relative to action, 156, 367 of motion, 310-1 of real time, 332-3 Artificial, how far scientific knowledge is, 197, 218-9 instruments, 138, 139, 140-1 Artist, in illustration of the creativeness of duration, 340-1 Ascending cosmic movement, 11, 208, 275, 369 Ascent toward God, in Aristotle, 323 Association of organisms, 260. See Individuation universal oscillation between association and individuation,

259, 260. See Societies Astronomy and deduction, 213 and the inert order, 224 modern, in reference to ancient science, 334-6 Atmosphere of spatiality bathing intelligence, 204 Atom, 240, 254, 255 as an intellectual view of matter, 203, 250 and interpenetration, 207 Attack and defence in evolution, 131-2 Attention, 2, 148-9, 154, 184, 209 discontinuity of, 2 in man and in lower animals, 184. See Tension and instinct, Tension as inverted extension, Tension of personality, Sympathetic appreciation, etc., Relaxation and intellect Attraction and impulsion in Greek philosophy, 323, 324 Attribute and subject, 148 Automatic activity, 145 as instrument of voluntary, 252 order, 224, 231-4. See Negative movement, etc., Geometrical order Automatism, 127, 143-4, 174, 223-4, 261, 264 Background of instinct and intelligence, consciousness as, 186 Backward-looking attitude of the intellect, 47, 48, 237 Baldwin, J.M., 27 note Ballast of intelligence, 152, 230, 239, 369-70 Bastian, 212 note Bateson, 63 Becoming, 164, 236, 248-9, 273, 299-304, 307-8, 313-4, 316, 337-8, 342-3, 345, 363 in ancient philosophy, 313-4, 317 in Descartes's philosophy, 346 in Eleatic philosophy, 313-4, 315 in general, or

abstract becoming, 304, 306-7 instantaneous and static views of, 272, 304-5 states of, falsely so called, 164, 247-8, 273, 298-301, 307-8 in the successors of Kant, 363. See Change, New, Duration, Time, Views of reality Bees, 101, 140, 142, 146, 166, 172 Beethoven, 224 Berthold, 34 note Bethe, 176 note Bifurcations of tendency, 54. See Divergent lines of evolution Biology, 12, 25, 26, 31-2, 43, 168-9, 174-5, 194-6 evolutionist, 168-9 and philosophy, 43, 194-6 and physico-chemistry, 26 Blaringhem, 85 Bodies, 156, 188, 189, 300-1, 360. See Inert matter as a relaxation of the unextended into the extended defined as bundles of qualities, 349 Bois-Reymond (Du), 38 Boltzmann, 245 Bombines, social instincts in, 171 Bouvier, 142 note Bow, strain of, illustrating indivisibility of motion, 308-10 Brain and consciousness, 5, 109, 110, 179-80, 183-4, 212 note, 252, 261-4, 270, 354, 356, 366. See Nervous System in man and lower animals, 183, 184, 263-5 Brandt, 66 note Breast-Plate, in reference to animal mobility, 130, 131. See Carapace, Cellulose envelope Brown-Séquard, 80-2 Bulb, medullary, in the development of the nervous system, 110, 252 Busquet, 259 note Bütschli, 33 note Buttel-Reepen,

171 note Butterflies, in illustration of variation from evolutionary type, 72 Caelo (De), of Aristotle, 322 note, 324 note Calcareous sheath, in reference to animal mobility, 130-1 Calkins, 16 note Canal, in illustration of the relation of function and structure, 93 Canalization, in illustration of the function of animal organisms, 93, 95, 110, 126, 256, 270 Canvas, embroidering "something" on the, of "nothing," 297 Caprice, an attribute not of freedom but of mechanism, 47 Carapace, in reference to animal mobility, 130-1 Carbohydrates, in reference to the function of the animal organism, 121-2 Carbon, in reference to the function of organisms, 107, 113, 114, 117, 254, 255 Carbonic acid, in reference to the function of organisms, 254, 255 Carnot, 243, 246, 256 Cartesian geometry, compared with ancient, 334 Cartesianism, 345, 356, 358 Cartesians, 358. See Spinoza, Leibniz Carving, the, of matter by intellect, 155 Categorical propositions, characteristic of instinctive knowledge, 149-50 Categories, conceptual, x, xiii, 48, 147, 148-9, 165, 189-90, 195-7, 207, 220-1, 257-60, 265, 358, 361. See Concept deduction of, and genesis of the intellect, 196, 207, 359. See Genesis of matter and

of the intellect innate, 147, 148-9 misfit for the vital, x, xiii, 48, 165, 195-9, 220-1, 257-9 in reference to the adaptation to each other of the matter and form of knowledge, 361 Cats, in illustration of the law of correlation, 67 Causal relation in Aristotle, 325 between consciousness and movement, 111 in Greek philosophy, 324-5 Causality, mechanical, a category which does not apply to life, x, xiv, 177 in the philosophy of Ideas, 323-6 Causation and adaptation, 101, 102 final, involves mechanical, 44 Cause and effect as mathematical functions of each other, 20, 21 efficient, 238, 277, 323 efficient, in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 efficient, in Leibniz's philosophy, 353 final, 40, 44, 238 final, in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 by impulsion, release and unwinding, 73 mechanical, as containing effect, 14, 233, 269 in the vital order, 95, 164 Cave, Plato's allegory of the, 191 Cell, 16, 24, 33, 162, 166, 167, 260, 269 as artificial construct, 162 in the "colonial theory," 260 division, 16, 24, 33 instinct in the, 166, 167 in relation to the soul, 269 Cellulose envelope in reference to vegetable immobility and torpor, 108, 111, 130 Cerebral activity and consciousness, 5, 109-10,

180-1, 183-4, 212 note, 252, 253, 261, 264, 268, 270, 350, 351, 354, 355, 366 mechanism, 5, 252, 253, 262, 264, 366 Cerebro-spinal system, 124. See Nervous system Certainty of induction, 215, 216 Chance analogous to disorder, 233, 234. See Affection in evolution, 86-7, 104, 114-5, 126, 169-70, 171, 252, 254, 255, 266, 267, 326-7. See Indetermination Change, 1, 7-8, 18, 85-6, 248, 275, 294, 300-304, 308, 313-4, 317, 326, 328-9, 343-4, 344-5 in ancient philosophy, 313-4, 316-7, 325-6, 327-9, 343, 345 in Eleatic philosophy, 314 known only from within, 307-8 Chaos, 232. See Disorder Character, moral, 5, 99-100 Charrin, 81 note Chemistry, 27, 34-6, 55, 72, 74, 98, 194, 226, 256, 260 Child, intelligence in, 147-8 adolescence of, in illustration of evolutionary becoming, 311-3 Chipped stone, in paleontology, 139 Chlorophyllian function, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 253 Choice, 110, 125, 143-5, 179, 180, 252, 260-4, 276, 366 and consciousness, 110, 179, 260-4 Chrysalis, 114 note Cinematograph, 306-7, 339-40 Cinematographical character of ancient philosophy, 315-6 of intellectual knowledge, 306, 307, 312-8, 323-4, 331-3, 346 of language, 306-7, 312-5 of modern science, 329-31, 336-7, 341-3, 345,

346, 347 Circle of the given, broken by action, 192, 247 logical and physical, 277 vicious, in intellectualist philosophy, 193, 197, 320 vicious, in the intuitional method is only apparent, 192, 193 Circularity of God's thought in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 of each special evolution, 128 Circulation, protoplasmic, imitated, 32-3 in plants and animals, 108 Circumstances in the determination of evolution, 101-2, 128-9, 133, 138, 142, 150-1, 167, 168, 170-1, 193, 194, 252, 256 in relation to special instincts, 138, 168, 193 Classes of words corresponding to the three kinds of representation, 303-4 Clausius, 243 Clearness characteristic of intellect, 160 Cleft between the organized and the unorganized, 190, 196-9 Climbing plants, instincts of, 170 note Coincidence of matter with space as in Kant, 206, 207, 244 of mind with intellect as in Kant, 48, 206 of qualities, 216 of seeing and willing, 237 of self with self, definition of the feeling of duration, 199-200 Coleopter, instinct in, 146 Colonial theory, 259, 260 Colonies, microbial, 259 Color variation in lizards, 72, 74 Coming and going of the mind between the without and the within gives rise to the idea of "Nothing," 279 between

nature and mind, the true method of philosophy, 239 Common-sense, 29, 153, 161, 213, 224, 277 defined as continuous experience of the real, 213 Comparison of ancient philosophy with modern, 226, 228-9, 232, 328-9, 345-6, 349-51, 353-4, 356 Compenetration, 352-3. See Interpenetration Complementarity of forms evolved, xii, xiii, 51, 101, 103, 113, 116-7, 135, 136, 254, 255 of instinct and intelligence, 146, 173. See Opposition of Instinct and Intelligence of intuition and intellect, 343, 345 in the powers of life, 49, 96-7, 140-3, 177, 178-9, 183-5, 239, 246, 254, 343 of science and metaphysics, 344 Complexity of the order of mathematics, 208-10, 217, 251 Compound reflex, instinct as a, 174 Concentration, intellect as, 191, 301 of personality, 198-9, 201 Concentric spheres in Aristotle's philosophy, 328 Concept accessory to action, ix analogy of, with the solid body, ix in animals, 187 externality of, 160, 168, 175-8, 199-200, 251, 306, 311, 314 fringed about with intuition, 46 and image distinguished, 160, 279 impotent to grasp life, ix-xiii, 49 intellect the concept-making faculty, vi, 49 misfit for the vital, 48 representation of the act by which the intellect is fixed on things,

161 synthesis of, in ancient philosophy, 325-6, 356. See Categories, Externality, Frames, Image, Space, Symbol Conditions, external, in evolution, 128-9, 133, 138, 141-2, 150-1, 166-7, 168, 170, 193, 194, 251, 256, 257 external, in determination of special instinct, 141-2, 150-1, 167, 168, 171 Conduct, mechanism and finality in the evolution of, 47. See Freedom, Determination, Indetermination Confused plurality of life, 257 Conjugation of Infusoria, 16 Consciousness and action, ix, 5, 144, 145, 179-80, 207, 260-1 consciousness as appendage to action, ix consciousness as arithmetical difference between possible and real activity, 145 consciousness as auxiliary to action, 179-80 consciousness as inadequacy of act to representation, 144 consciousness as instrument of action, 180 consciousness as interval between possible and real action, 145, 179 consciousness as light from zone of possible actions surrounding the real act, 179 consciousness and locomotion, 262 consciousness plugged up by action, 144, 145. See Torpor, Sleep consciousness as sketch of action, 207 intensity of, varies with ratio of possible to real action, 145 Consciousness in animals, as distinguished from the

consciousness of plants, 130, 135-6, 143 as distinguished from the consciousness of man, 139-43, 180, 183, 184, 187, 188, 212, 263-9. See Torpor, Sleep characteristic of animals, torpor of plants, 109, 111, 113, 120, 128-9, 135-6, 181, 182, 292 as background of instinct and intelligence, 186 and brain, 180, 262, 263, 269, 270, 354 and choice, 110, 144-5, 179, 262-4 coextensive with universal life, 186, 270 and creation, consciousness as demand for creation, 261 current of, penetrating matter, 181, 270 as deficiency of instinct, 145 in dog and man, 180 double form of, 179 function of, 207 as hesitation or choice, 143, 144 imprisonment of, 180, 183-4, 264 as invention and freedom, 264, 270 in man as distinguished from, in lower forms of life, 180, 263, 264, 267, 268 and matter, 179, 181-2 as motive principle of evolution, 181-2 nullified, as distinguished from the absence of consciousness, 143 and the organism, 270 in plants, 131, 135-6, 143 as world principle, 237, 261 Conservation of energy, 243, 244 Construction, 139-42, 150-1, 156, 157-8, 180, 182. See Manufacture, Solid the characteristic work of intellect, 163-4 as the method of Kant's successors, 364-5 Contingency, 96, 255,

268. See Accident, Chance the, of order, 231, 235 Continuation of vital process in instinct, 138, 139, 166, 167, 246. See Variations, Vital process Continuity, 1, 26, 29-30, 37, 138-40, 154, 162-4, 258, 302, 306-7, 311-2, 321, 325-6, 329-30, 347 of becoming, 306-7, 312 of change, 325-6 of evolution, 18, 19 of extension, 154 of germinative plasma, 26, 37 of instinct with vital process, 139, 140, 166-7, 246 of life, 1-11, 29, 163-4, 258 of living substance, 162 of psychic life, 1, 30 of the real, 302, 329-30 of sensible intuition with ultra-intellectual, 361 of sensible universe, 346 Conventionality of science, 207 "Conversion" and "procession" in Alexandrian philosophy, 323 Cook, Plato's comparison of the, and the dialectician, 156 Cope, 35 note, 77, 111 Correlation, law of, 66, 67 Correspondence between mind and matter in Spencer, 368. See Simultaneity Cortical mechanism, 252, 253, 262. See Cerebral mechanism Cosmogony and genesis of matter, 188. See Genesis of matter and of intellect, Spencer Cosmology the, that follows from the philosophy of Ideas, 315, 328 as reversed psychology, 208 Counterweight representation as, to action, 145 Counting simultaneities, the measurement of

time is, 338, 341-2 Creation, xi, 7, 11, 12, 22, 29, 30, 45, 93, 100, 101, 103, 105, 108, 114, 128-31, 161, 163-4, 178, 200, 217, 218, 223, 226, 230, 237-40, 261, 270, 275, 339-40 in Descartes's philosophy, 345 of intellect, 248-9 of matter, 237, 239, 247-8, 249. See Materiality the inversion of spirituality of present by past, 5, 20-3, 27, 167, 199-202 the vital order as, 230 Creative evolution, 7, 15, 21, 27, 29, 36, 37, 65, 100, 104-5, 161, 163, 223-4, 230-1, 237, 264, 269 Creativeness of free action, 192, 243 of invention, 250 Creeping plants in illustration of vegetable mobility, 108 Cricket victim of paralyzing instinct of sphex, 172 Criterion, quest of a, 53 ff. of evolutionary rank, 133, 265 Criticism, Kantian, 205, 287 note, 356, 360-2 of knowledge, 194-5 Cross-cuts through becoming by intellect, 314. See Views of reality through matter by perception, 206 Cross-roads of vital tendency, 51, 52, 54,

110, 126 Crustacea, 19, 111, 129-30 Crystal illustrating (by contrast) individuation, 12 Cuénot, 79 note Culminating points of evolutionary progress, 50, 133-5. See Evolutionary superiority Current, 26, 27, 51, 185, 236, 237, 250, 266, 269 Currents, antagonistic, 250 of existence, 185 of life penetrating matter, 26, 27, 266, 270 vital, 26, 27, 51, 237, 266, 270 of will penetrating matter, 237 Curves, as symbol of life, 32, 90, 213 Cuts through becoming by the intellect, 313-4. See Views of reality, Snapshots in illustration, etc. through matter by perception, 206 Cuvier, 125 note Dantec (Le), 18 note, 34 note Darwin, 62-5, 66, 72, 108, 170 note Darwinism, 56, 85, 86 Dastre, 36 note Dead, the, is the object of intellect, 165 Dead-locks in speculation, 155, 312 Death, 246 note, 271 Declivity descended by matter, 208, 246, 256, 339-40. See Descending movement Decomposing and recomposing powers characteristic of intellect, 157, 251 Deduction, analogy between, related to moral sphere and tangent to curve, 213 and astronomy, 213 duration refractory to, 213 geometry the ideal limit of, 213-26, 361 in animals, 212 inverse to positive spiritual effort, 212 nature of, 211 physics and, 213

weakness of, in psychology and moral science, 213 Defence and attack in evolution, 132 Deficiency of will the negative condition of mathematical order and complexity, 209 Definition in the realm of life, 13, 105, 106 Degenerates, 133-5 Dégénérescence sénile (La), by Metchnikoff, 18 note Degradation of energy, 241, 242, 246 of the extra-spatial into the spatial, 207 of the ideas into the sensible flux in ancient philosophy, 317-9, 324-5, 327-9, 331, 343, 345, 352-3 Degrees of being in the successors of Kant, 362-3 Degrees of reality in Greek philosophy, 324, 327 Delage, 59 note, 81 note, 260 note Delamare, 81 note Deliberation, 144 De Manacéine, 124 note Deposit, instinct and intelligence as deposits, emanations, issues, or aspects of life, x, xii, xiii, 49, 103, 105, 136, 365 De Saporta, 107 note Descartes, 280, 334, 345, 346, 353, 358 becoming, 345-6 creation, 346 determinism, 345 duration, 346 freedom, 345, 346 geometry, 334 God, 346 image and idea or concept, 281 indeterminism, 345 mechanism, 345, 346 motion, 346 vacillation between abstract time and real duration, 345 Descending movement of existence, 11, 202, 203, 208, 271, 275, 369 Design, motionless, of action the object of

intellect, 154-5, 299, 301-2, 303 Detention in the dream state, 202 of intuition in intellect, 238 Determination, 76-7, 129-30, 223, 246 Determinism, 217, 264, 345, 348. See Inert matter, Geometry in Descartes, 345 Development, 133, 134-5, 141. See Order, Progress, Evolution, Superiority Deviation from type, 82-4 Dialect and intuition in philosophy, 238 Dichotomy of the real in modern philosophy, 350 Differentiation of parts in an organism, 253, 260 Dilemma of any systematic metaphysics, 195, 197, 230 Diminution, derivation of becoming from being by, in ancient philosophy, 316, 317, 322, 323-4, 327-8, 343-5, 352 geometrical order as, or lower complication of the vital order, 236 Dionaea illustrating certain animal characteristics in plants, 107, 108, 109 Discontinuity of action, 154, 306-7 of attention, 2 of extension relative to action, 154, 163 of knowledge, 306 of living substance, 163 a positive idea, 154 Discontinuous the object of intellect, 154 Discord in nature, 127, 128, 254-5, 267 Disorder, 40, 104, 222-3, 225-6, 232-5, 274. See Expectation, Order, mathematical, Orders of reality, two Disproportion between an invention and its consequences, 182 Dissociation as a cosmic

principle opposed to association, 260 of tendencies, 54, 89, 135, 254, 255, 257, 258. See Divergent lines of evolution Distance, extension as the, between what is and what ought to be, 318-9, 327-8, 331 Distinct multiplicity in the dream state, 201, 210 of the inert, 257 Distinctness characteristic of the intellect, 160, 237, 251 characteristic of perception, 227, 251 as spatiality, 203, 207-8, 244, 250 Divergent lines of evolution, xii, 54, 55, 87, 97-101, 103-4, 106, 107, 109, 112, 113, 116, 119, 130, 132, 134-5, 142, 149, 150, 168, 173, 181, 254, 255, 266, 267. See Dissociation of tendencies, Complementarity, etc., Schisms in the primitive impulsion of life Diversity, sensible, 205, 220-1, 231, 235, 236 Divination, instinct as, 176. See Sympathy, etc. Divisibility of extension, 154, 162 Division as function of intellect, 152, 154, 162-3, 189 of labor, 99, 110, 118, 157, 166, 260 of labor in cells, 166 Dog and man, consciousness in, 180 Dogmatism of the ancient epistemology contrasted with the relativism of the modern, 230 of Leibniz and Spinoza, 356-7 skepticism, and relativism, 196-7, 230 Dogs and the law of correlation, 66 Domestication of animals and heredity, 80 Dominants

of Reinke, 42 note Dorfmeister, 72 Dream, 144, 180-1, 202, 209, 256. See Interpenetration, Relaxation, Detention, Recollection as relaxation, 202 Driesch, 42 note Drosera, 107, 108, 109 Dufourt, 124 note Duhem, 242 note Dunan, Ch., xv note Duration, xiv note, 2, 4-6, 8-11, 15, 17, 21, 22, 37, 39, 46, 51, 199, 201, 206, 213, 216, 240, 272, 273, 276, 298-9, 308-9, 317-8, 319 note, 324, 328, 332, 339, 342, 343, 345, 354, 361, 363-4 absoluteness of, 206 and deduction, 213 in Descartes's philosophy, 346 gnawing of, 4, 8, 46 indivisibility of, 6, 308-9 and induction, 216 and the inert, 343-4 in the philosophy of the Ideas, 316-7, 319 note, 324, 327, 328-9 rhythm of, 11, 128, 346. See Creation, Evolution, Invention, Time, Unforeseeableness, Uniqueness Echinoderms in reference to animal mobility, 130, 131 Efficient cause in conception of chance, 234 Spinoza and, 269 Effort in evolution, 170 Ειδος, 314-5 Eimer, 55, 72, 73, 86 Elaborateness of the mathematical order, 208-10, 217, 251 Eleatic philosophy, 308, 314-5 Emanation, logical thought an, issue, aspect or deposit of life, ix, xii, xiii, 49 Embroidering "something" on the canvas of "nothing," 297 Embroidery by descendants on the canvas

handed down by ancestors, 23 Embryo, 18, 19, 26, 27, 75, 81, 89, 101, 166 Embryogeny, comparative, and transformism, 25 Embryonic life, 27, 166 Empirical study of evolution the centre of the theory of knowledge and of the theory of life, 178 theories of knowledge, 205 Empty, thinking the full by means of the empty, 273-4 End in Eleatic philosophy, 314-5 of science is practical utility, 329 Energy, 115-7, 120-3, 242, 243, 245, 246, 252-5, 256, 257, 262 conservation of, 242 degradation of, 242, 243, 246 solar, stored by plants, released by animals, 245, 254 Enneadae of Plotinus, 210 note Entelechy of Driesch, 42 note Entropy, 243 Environment in evolution, 129, 133, 138, 140, 142, 150, 167, 168, 170, 192, 193, 252, 256, 257 and special instincts, 138, 168, 192, 193 Epiphenomenalism, 262 Essence and accidents in Aristotle's philosophy, 353 or form in Eleatic philosophy, 314-5 the meaning of, 302-3 Essences (or forms), qualities and acts, the three kinds of representation, 303-4 Eternity, 39, 298, 314, 317, 320, 324, 328, 346, 352, 354 in the philosophy of Ideas, 316-7, 319, 324, 328 in Spinoza's philosophy, 353 Euglena, 116 Evellin, 311 note Eventual actions, 11, 96. See Possible

activity Evolution, ix-xv, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26-7, 37, 46-55, 63, 68, 79 note, 84-8, 97-105, 107, 113, 116, 126, 127, 129-30, 131-2, 133, 134, 136, 138-40, 141-2, 143, 161, 166, 167, 168-72, 173, 174, 175, 179, 181, 182, 185, 186, 190, 193, 198-9, 207-8, 224, 231, 242 note, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 264-6, 268, 273, 302, 311, 345, 359, 360, 366 accident in, 104, 169, 170, 173, 174, 251, 252 animal, a progress toward mobility, 131 antagonistic tendencies in, 103, 113, 185 automatic and determinate, is action being undone, 248 blind alleys of, 129 circularity of each special, 128 complementarity of the divergent lines of, 97-102, 103, 116 conceptually inexpressible, 49, 50, 52, 53, 127, 181, 273 continuity of, 18, 19, 26, 37, 46, 273, 302, 312, 345 creative, 7, 15, 21, 27, 30, 36, 37, 65, 100, 105, 161, 162, 163, 223, 230, 238, 264, 269 culminating points of, 50, 133, 174, 185, 265, 266, 268 development by, 133, 134, 141-2 divergent lines of, xii, 53, 54, 87, 97-101, 103-4, 107, 173-4, 246 and duration, 20, 22, 37, 45-6 empirical study of, the centre of the theory of knowledge and of life, 178 and environment, 101-3, 129, 133, 138, 142, 150, 167, 168, 169, 192, 193, 251, 256,

257 of instinct, 170, 171, 174-5. See Divergent lines, etc., Culminating points, etc., Evolution and environment of intellect, x-xii, 153, 186, 189-90, 193, 198-9, 207-8, 359, 360. See Divergent lines, etc., Culminating points, etc., Genesis of matter and of intellect as invention, 344 of man, 264, 266, 268. See Culminating points, etc. motive principle of, is consciousness, 181 of species product of the vital impetus opposed by matter, 247-8, 254 and transformism, 24 unforeseeable, 47, 48, 53, 86, 224 variation in, 23-4, 55, 63, 68, 72 note, 85, 131, 137-8, 167, 169, 171, 264 Evolutionary, qualitative, and extensive motion 302-3, 311, 312 superiority, 133-5, 174-5. See Success, Criterion of evolutionary rank, Culminating points, etc. Evolutionism, x-xii, xiv, 77, 84, 364 Exhaustion of the mutability of the universe, 337-8 Existence, logical, as contrasted with psychical and physical, 276, 362 of matter tends toward instantaneity, 201 of self means change, 1 ff. superaddition of, upon nothingness, 276 Expectation, 214-6, 221, 222, 226, 233, 235, 274, 281, 292 in conception of disorder, 221, 222, 226, 233, 234, 235, 274 in conception of void or naught, 282, 292 Experience, 138,

147, 177, 197, 204, 229, 321, 354, 359, 363, 368 Explosion, illustrating cause by release, 73 Explosive character of animal energy, 116, 119, 120, 246 of organization, 92 Explosives, manufacture of, by plants and use by animals, 246, 254 Extension, 149, 154, 161, 202, 203, 207, 211, 223, 236, 245, 318-20, 324, 327, 351, 352 continuity of, 154 discontinuity of, relative to action, 154, 162 as the distance between what is and what ought to be, 318 divisibility of, 154, 162 the most general property of matter, 154, 250, 251 the inverse movement to tension, 245 of knowledge, 150 in Leibniz's philosophy, 351, 352 of matter in space, 204, 211 in the philosophy of Ideas, 318-9, 323-4, 327 and relaxation, 202, 207, 209, 211, 212, 218, 223, 245 in Spinoza's philosophy, 350 in the Transcendental Aesthetic, 203 unity of, 158-9 as weakening of the essence of being, in Plotinus, 210 note Extensive, evolutionary and qualitative motion, 302-3, 311, 312 External conditions in evolution, 128, 133, 137, 141-2, 150-1, 167, 168, 170, 192, 193, 252, 256, 257 finality, 41 Externality of concepts, 160, 168, 174, 177, 199, 251, 305, 311-4 the most general property of matter, 154, 250, 251 Externalized

action in distinction from internalized, 147, 165. See Somnambulism, etc., Automatic activity, etc. Eye of mollusc and vertebrate compared, 60, 75, 77, 84, 86, 87-8 Fabre, 172 note Fabrication. See Construction Fallacies, two fundamental, 272, 273 Fallacy of thinking being by not-being, 276, 277, 284, 297-8 of thinking the full by the empty, 273-5 of thinking motion by the motionless, 272, 273, 297-8, 307-8, 309-14 Fallibility of instinct, 172-3 Falling back of matter upon consciousness, 264 bodies, comparison of Aristotle and Galileo, 228, 331-2, 334 weight, figure of material world, 245, 246 Familiar, the, is the object of intellect, 163, 164, 199, 270 Faraday, 203 Fasting, in reference to primacy of nervous system over the other physiological systems, 124 Fauna, menace of torpor in primitive, 130 Feeling in the conception of chance, 207 and instinct, 143, 174-5 Fencing-master, illustrating hereditary transmission, 79 Ferments, certain characteristics of, 106 Fertilization of orchids by insects, by Darwin, 170 note Fichte's conception of the intellect, 189-90, 357 Filings, iron, in illustration of the relation of structure to function, 94, 95 Film, cinematographic, figure of

abstract motion, 304-6 Final cause, 40, 45, 234, 325 conception of, involves conception of mechanical cause, 44 God as, in Aristotle, 322-3 Finalism, 39-53, 58, 74, 88-97, 101-5, 126-8 Finality, 41, 164, 177-8, 185, 223, 224, 266 external and internal, 41 misfit for the vital, 177, 223-4, 225, 266 and the unforeseeableness of life, 164, 185 Fischel, 75 note Fish in illustration of animal tendency to mobility, 130, 131 Fixation of nutritive elements, 107-9, 113, 117, 246, 247, 253 Fixity, 108-13, 118, 119, 130, 155. See Torpor apparent or relative, 155 cellulose envelope and the, of plants, 108, 111, 130 of extension, 155 of plants, 108-13, 118, 119, 130-1 of torpid animals, 130 Flint hatchets and human intelligence, 137 Fluidity of life, 153, 165, 193 of matter as a whole, 186, 369 Flux of material bodies, 265 of reality, 250, 251, 337, 342, 344 Flying arrow of Zeno, 308, 309, 310 Focalization of personality, 201 Food, 106-9, 113-4, 117, 120, 121, 246, 247, 254 Foraminifera, failure of certain, to evolve, 197 Force, 126-7, 141, 149, 150, 175, 246, 254, 339 life a, inverse to matter, 246 limitedness of vital force, 126, 127, 141, 149, 162 time as, 339-40 Forel, 176 note Foreseeing,

8, 28, 29, 30, 37, 45, 47, 96. See Unforeseeableness Form, xi, 51, 101, 104, 113, 116-8, 129, 135-6, 148-53, 155, 156, 160, 164, 195-7, 222, 237, 250, 255, 302, 303, 314, 317, 318, 322, 341, 357, 359, 361, 362 complementarity of forms evolved, xi, 51, 101, 104, 113, 116-8, 135-6, 255 expansion of the forms of consciousness, xii, xiii (or essences), qualities and acts the three kinds of representation, 302-3 God as pure form in Aristotle, 196, 322 or idea in ancient philosophy, 317, 318, 330 of intelligence, xiv, 48, 147, 148, 165, 190, 195, 196, 198, 207, 219, 257-9, 266, 358-9, 361. See Concept and matter in creation, 239, 250 and matter in knowledge, 195, 361 a snapshot view of transition, 302 Formal knowledge, 152 logic, 292 Forms of sensibility, 361 Fossil species, 102 Foster, 125 note Fox in illustration of animal intelligence, 138 Frames of the understanding, 46-7, 48, 150-2, 173, 177, 197-9, 219-20, 223-4, 258, 270, 313, 358, 364 fit the inert, 197, 218 inadequate to reality entire, 364 misfit for the vital, x, xiii, xiv, 46, 48, 173, 177, 197-9, 223, 258, 313 product of life, 358 transform freedom into necessity, 270 utility of, lies in their unlimited application, 149-50,

152 Freedom, 11, 48, 126, 130, 163, 164, 200, 202, 207, 208, 217, 223, 231, 237, 239, 247, 249, 264-6, 269, 270, 277, 300, 339-41, 345, 346 the absolute as freely acting, 277 affirmed by conscience, 269 animal characteristic rather than vegetable, 129-30 caprice attribute not of, but of mechanism, 47 coextensiveness of consciousness with, 111, 112, 202, 264, 270 of creation and life, 247, 254, 255 creativeness of, 223, 239, 248 in Descartes's philosophy, 345, 346 as efficient causality, 277 inversion of necessity, 236 and liberation of consciousness, 265, 266. See Imprisonment of consciousness and novelty, 12, 163, 164, 200, 218, 231, 239, 249, 270, 339-42 order in, 223 property of every organism, 129-31 relaxation of, into necessity, 217 tendency of, to self-negation in habit, 127 tension of, 200, 201, 202, 207, 223, 237, 301 transformed by the understanding into necessity, 270 See Spontaneity Fringe of intelligence around instinct, 136 of intuition around intellect, xii, xiii, 46 of possible action around real action, 179, 272 Froth, alveolar, in imitation of organic phenomena, 33-4 Full, fallacy of thinking the, by the empty, 273-6 Function, ix, 3, 5, 44, 46, 47, 88-90, 94, 95,

106-10, 113, 114, 117, 120, 121, 127, 132, 140, 141, 145, 152, 153, 157, 161, 163, 164, 168, 173-5, 186-92, 199, 206, 207, 233, 237, 246, 251, 254-6, 262, 263, 270, 273, 298, 306, 346, 358, 369 accumulation of energy the function of vegetable organisms, 254, 255 action the, of intellect, ix, 12, 44, 47, 93, 161, 162, 186-8, 206, 251, 273, 305 action the, of nervous system, 262, 263 alimentation, 106, 107, 120, 121, 246, 254 of animals is canalization of energy, 93, 110, 126, 255, 256 carbon and the, of organisms, 107, 113, 114, 117, 254, 255 chlorophyllian, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 254 concept-making the, of intellect, x, 49 of consciousness: sketching movements, 207 construction the, of intellect, 108 illumination of action, of perception, 5, 206, 307-8 of intelligence: action, ix, 12, 44, 46, 93, 160, 162, 186-8, 206, 251, 273, 307-8 of intelligence: concept-making, x, 50 of intelligence: construction, 160, 163, 181-2 of intelligence: division, 154, 155, 162, 189 of intelligence: illumination of action by perception, 5, 206, 301 of intelligence: repetition, 164, 199, 214-6 of intelligence: retrospection, 47, 237 of intelligence: connecting same with same, 199, 233, 270 of

intelligence: scanning the rhythm of the universe, 346 of intelligence: tactualizing all perception, 168 of intelligence: unification, 152, 154, 357 of the nervous system: action, 262, 263 and organ, 88-90, 94, 95, 132-3, 140, 141, 158. See Function and structure and organ in arthropods, vertebrates and man, 132-3 of the organism, 94, 106-10, 112, 114, 117, 120, 126, 173-5, 246, 253-6 of the organism, alimentation, 106, 107, 120, 121, 246, 254 of the organism, animal: canalization of energy, 93, 110, 126, 255, 256 of the organism, carbon in, 107, 113, 114, 117, 254, 255 of the organism, chlorophyllian function, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 247, 254 of the organism, primary functions of life: storage and expenditure of energy, 254-6 of the organism, vegetable: accumulation of energy, 254, 255 of philosophy: adoption of the evolutionary movement of life and consciousness, 370 of science, 168, 346 sketching movements the, of consciousness, 207 and structure, 55, 62, 66, 69, 74, 75, 76, 86, 88-91, 93, 94, 96, 118, 132, 140, 141, 158, 162, 250, 252, 256 tactualizing all perception the, of science, 168 of vegetable organism: accumulation of energy, 254, 255 Functions of life, the two: storage

and expenditure of energy, 254-6 Galileo, homogeneity of time in, 332 his influence on metaphysics, 20, 228 his influence on modern science, 334, 335 extension of Galileo's physics, 357, 370 his theory of the fall of bodies compared with Aristotle's, 228, 331, 332, 334 Ganoid breast-plate of ancient fishes, in reference to animal mobility, 130, 131 Gaudry, 130 note Genera, relation of, to individuals, 226 relation of, to laws, 225, 226, 330 potential, 226-7 and signs, 158 Generality, ambiguity of the idea of, in philosophy, 229-31, 236 Generalization dependent on repetition, 230, 231 distinguished from transference of sign, 158 in the vital and mathematical orders, 224, 225, 230 Generic, type of the: similarity of structure between generating and generated, 223, 224 Genesis, xiii, xiv, 153, 186-199, 207, 359, 360 of intellect, xiii, xiv, 153, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 196-7, 207, 264, 360 of knowledge, 191 of matter, xiii, xiv, 153, 186, 188, 190, 193, 199, 207, 360 Genius and the willed order, 223, 237 Genus. See Genera Geometrical, the, is the object of the intellect, 190 Geometrical order as a diminution or lower complication of the vital, 223, 225, 236, 330. See Genera,

See Mathematical order space, relation of, to the spatiality of things, 203 Geometrism, the latent, of intellect, 194, 211-3 Geometry, fitness of, to matter, 10 goal of intellectual operations, 211, 213, 218 ideal limit of induction and deduction, 214-8, 361. See Space, Descending movement of existence modern, compared with ancient, 36, 161, 333-4 natural, 194, 211-2 perception impregnated with, 205, 230 reasoning in, contrasted with reasoning concerning life, 7, 8 scientific, 161, 211 Germ, accidental predisposition of, in Neo-Darwinism, 168, 169, 170 Germ-plasm, continuity of, 27, 37, 78-83 Giard, 84 Glucose in organic function, 122, 123 Glycogen in organic function, 122-4 God, as activity, 249 of Aristotle, 196, 322, 325, 349, 353, 356-7 ascent toward, in Aristotle's philosophy, 322-3 circularity of God's thought, in Aristotle's philosophy, 324, 325 in Descartes's philosophy, 346, 347 as efficient cause in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 as hypostasis of the unity of nature, 196, 322, 357 in Leibniz's philosophy, 352, 353, 356-7 as eternal matter, 196-7 as pure form, 196-7, 322 in Spinoza's philosophy, 351, 357 Greek philosophy. See Ancient philosophy Green parts of plants, 107-9,

114, 117, 246, 247, 254 Growing old, 15 Growth, creation is, 240-1, 275 and novelty, 231 of the powers of life, 132, 134-5 reality is, 237 of the universe, 343, 345 Guérin, P., 59 note Guinea-pig, in illustration of hereditary transmission, 80, 81 Habit and consciousness annulled, 143 form of knowledge a habit or bent of attention, 148 and heredity, 78, 93, 169, 170, 173. See Acquired characters, inheritance of instinct as an intelligent, 173-4 and invention in animals, 264 and invention in man, 265 tendency of freedom to self-negation in, 127-8 Harmony between instinct and life, and between intelligence and the inert, 187, 194-5, 198 of the organic world is complementarity due to a common original impulse 50, 51, 103, 116, 118 pre-established, 205, 206 in radical finalism, 127-8. See Discord Hartog, 60 note Hatchets, ancient flint, and human intellect, 137 Heliocentric radius-vector in Kepler's laws, 333-4 Hereditary transmission, 76-83, 87, 168-9, 170, 173, 225-6, 230 domestication of animals and, 80-1 habit and, 79, 83, 169, 170, 173 Hesitation or choice, consciousness as, 143, 144 Heteroblastia and identical structures on divergent lines of evolution, 75 Heymons, 72 note

History as creative evolution, 6, 15, 21, 26, 29, 36, 37, 65-6, 103-4, 105, 163, 264, 269 of philosophy, 238 Hive as an organism, 166 Homo faber, designation of human species, 139 Homogeneity of space, 156, 212 the sphere of intellect, 163 of time in Galileo, 332 Horse-fly illustrating the object of instinct, 146 Houssay, 109 note Human and animal attention, 184 and animal brain, 184, 263-5 and animal consciousness, 139-43, 180, 183, 184, 187, 188, 191, 212, 263-8 and animal instruments of action, 139-43, 150 and animal intelligence, 138, 187, 188, 191, 192, 212 and animal invention, relation of, to habit, 264, 265 intellect and language, 157-8 intellect and manufacture, 137, 138 Humanity in evolution, 134, 137-9, 142, 147, 158, 181, 184, 185, 264-71. See Culminating points, etc. goal of evolution, 266, 267 Huxley, 38 Hydra and individuality, 13 υλη of Aristotle, 353 Hymenoptera, the culmination of arthropod and instinctive evolution, 134, 173-4 as entomologists, 146, 172-3 organization and instinct in, 140 paralyzing instinct of, 146, 172, 173-4 social instincts of, 101, 171 Hypostasis of the unity of nature, God as, 196-7, 322, 356 Hypothetical propositions characteristic of

intellectual knowledge, 149-50 Idea or form in ancient philosophy, 49, 314, 316-7, 318, 329-30 in ancient philosophy, ειδος, 314-5 in ancient philosophy, Platonic, 48 and image in Descartes, 280 Idealism, 232 Idealists and realists alike assume the possibility of an absence of order, 220, 232 Identical structures in divergent lines of evolution, 55, 60-1, 62, 69, 74-7, 86, 119 Illumination of action the function of perception, 5, 206, 307 Image and idea in Descartes, 280 distinguished from concept, 160-1, 280 Imitation of being in Greek philosophy, 324, 327 of instinct by science, 168-9, 173-4 of life in intellectual representation, 4, 33, 88-9, 101, 176, 208, 209, 213, 226, 259, 341, 365 of life by the unorganized, 33, 35, 36 of motion by intelligence, 305, 307-8, 312, 313, 329. See Imitation of the real, etc. of the physical order by the vital, 230 of the real by intelligence, 258, 270, 307 Immobility of extension, 155 and plants, 108-13, 118, 119, 130 of primitive and torpid animals, 130-1 relative and apparent; mobility real, 155 Impatience, duration as, 10, 339-40 Impelling cause, 73 Impetus, vital, divergence of, 26-7, 51-5, 97-105, 110, 118-9, 126-7, 131, 134-6, 257, 258,