FOOTNOTES:
Project Gutenberg EPUB edition
Jalal al-Din Rumi, Maulana and Redhouse, James W. (James William), Sir
Source notes
356 In allusion to the Brahminical marks used in India.
357 The heterodox sects of Islām are commonly said to be seventy-two.
358 “The Veiler,” i.e., of sin, is one of “the most comely names” of God, but is not found in the Qur’ān. “Yā Sattār!”
359 Some of the commentators hold that Qur’ān vii. 174, alludes to the opposition of Balaam to Moses and the Israelites.
360 See Tale iv. dist. 121; and xi. 112.
361 See Tale ix. 266.
362 Qur’ān ii. 96.
363 See Tale iv. dist. 121.
364 Qur’ān i. 5.
365 ’Ikrima, son of Abū-Jahl, embraced Islām at sea, as he fled from Mekka at its capture by Muhammed. He returned and was pardoned.
366 Qur’ān xi. 44, 45.
367 This is a canon of Islām. If a worshipper has no means of knowing the direction of “God’s House” at Mekka, he may face in any direction he judges most probable, and so perform his worship.
368 The Prophet.
369 Qur’ān vi. 32; xxix. 64; xxx. 6; xlvii. 38; lvii. 19.
370 Qur’ān lxx. 4.
371 Qur’ān x. 37.
372 Qur’ān lxii. 5.
373 See, in the author’s own preface, his eulogistic mention of Sheykh Husāmu-’d-Dīn, p. iii., where this saying is also given.
374 By “Roman,” in the East, is meant what Europeans incorrectly name “Greek.” Since Alexander of Macedon’s time, no “Greeks” have existed. Their very memory is lost in Asia, and Alexander himself is styled there “the Roman.”
375 Commonly, in Islām, eight paradises, or, properly, eight mansions of Paradise, are reported, mentioned, and believed. Baydhāvī, in Qur’ān ii. 23, gives only seven, and one of those is wrong. Guided by him, however, I have corrected this, and verified the others, besides finding the eighth. Their names, then, are as follows:—
1. Jennatu-’l-Khuld, the Paradise (garden) of Eternal Duration;
2. Jennatu ‘Aden, the Garden of Eden;
3. Jennatu-’l-Firdaws, the Garden of Paradise;
4. Jennatu-’l-Me’và, the Garden of the Abode;
5. Jennatu-’n-Na’īm, the Paradise of the Pleasantness;
6. Dāru-’s-Selām, the Home of Security;
7. Dāru-’l-Maqāma, the House of Sojourn; 8. ’Illiyūn, the Sublime Heights. Baydhāvī has Dāru-’l-Khuld for Jennatu-’l-Khuld; but that is one of the names of Hell, as occurring in Qur’ān xli. 28. There is also a Dāru-l-Qarār, Home of Permanence, mentioned in Qur’ān xl. 42; but it applies to Hell and Heaven, as does the Dāru-’l-Baqā, Home of Duration, commonly used, but not found in the Qur’ān.
376 Zeyd, son of Hāritha and father of Usāma, the freedman and adopted son of Muhammed, one of his most devoted disciples.
377 For the eight paradises, see Tale xiv. dist. 74, p. 253.
378 The seven hells are:—1. Jahannam; 2. Latzā; 3. Hutama; 4. Sa’īr; 5. Jahīm; 6. Hāwiya; 7. Saqar. All these names for Hell occur in the Qur’ān.
379 This is predestination indeed. But does not our “vessels of wrath” come to about the same thing, at least in some opinions?
380 Qur’ān iii. 102.
381 “Turk and Hindū” is synonymous with “fair and dark.”
382 “They of the left hand,” Qur’ān lix. 8; xc. 18.
383 “The seven pits of hell” are named respectively: Jahannam, Latzā, Hutama, Sa’īr, Jahīm, Hāwiya, and Saqar, as above mentioned, p. 254, note 3.
384 “Al-Kawthar,” Qur’ān cviii. 1, is variously explained, but probably means: the great multitude, scil., of mankind; not “a fountain.”
385 Qur’ān ii. 24.
386 Qur’ān ii. 231; and, indirectly, in many texts.
387 Qur’ān xvi. 4; xl. 23.
388 Qur’ān lxxvi. 17, 18.