Primitive culture, vol. 1 (of 2)

230. Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 74.

231. Brand, vol.ii.p. 486.

232. Glanvil, ‘Saducismus Triumphatus,’ part ii. The invisible drummer appears to have been one William Drury; see ‘Pepys’ Diary,’ vol. i. p. 227.

233. Brand, vol.iii.pp. 225, 233; Grimm, pp. 801, 1089, 1141; Wuttke, pp. 38-9, 208; Shortland, ‘Trads. of New Zealand,’ p. 137 (ominous ticking of insect, doubtful whether idea native, or introduced by foreigners).

234. Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 393.

235. Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. ii. p. 112; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. iii. p. 252; ‘Psychologie,’ p. 159.

236. Toehla, ‘Aurifontina Chymica,’ cited by K. R. H. Mackenzie, in ‘Spiritualist,’ Mar. 15, 1870.

237. Nicephor. Callist. Ecclesiast. Hist.viii. 23; Stanley, ‘Eastern Church,’ p. 172.

238. ‘Pneumatologie Positive et Expérimentale; La Réalité des Esprits et le Phénomène Merveilleux de leur Écriture Directe démontrés,’ par le Baron L. de Guldenstubbé. Paris, 1857.

239. Hardy, ‘Manual of Budhism,’ pp. 38, 126, 150; ‘Eastern Monachism,’ pp. 272, 285, 382; Köppen, ‘Religion des Buddha,’ vol. i. p. 412; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. iii. p. 390; Philostrati Vita Apollon. Tyan. iii. 15. See the mention among the Saadhs of India (17th century), by Trant, in ‘Missionary Register,’ July, 1820, pp. 294-6.

240. Lucian, Philopseudes, 13.

241. Eunapius in Iambl.

242. Alban Butler, ‘Lives of the Saints,’ vol. i. p. 674; Calmet, ‘Diss. sur les Apparitions, &c.,’ chap. xxi.; De Maistre, ‘Soirées de St. Pétersbourg,’ vol. ii. pp. 158, 175. See also Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 578; ‘Psychologie,’ p. 159.

243. Glanvil, ‘Saducismus Triumphatus,’ part ii.; Bastian, ‘Psychologie,’ p. 161.

244. ‘Spiritualist,’ Feb. 15, 1870. Orrin Abbott, ‘The Davenport Brothers,’ New York, 1864.

245. Homer, Odyss.xiv. 345 (Worsley’s Trans.); Beda, ‘Historia Ecclesiastica,’ iv. 22; Grimm, ‘D. M.,’ p. 1180 (an old German loosing-charm is given from the Merseburg MS.); J. Y. Simpson, in ‘Proc. Ant. Soc. Scotland,’ vol. iv.; Keating, ‘Long’s Exp. to St. Peter’s River,’ vol. ii. p. 159; Egede, ‘Greenland,’ p. 189; Cranz, ‘Grönland,’ p. 269; Castrén, ‘Reiseberichte,’ 1845-9, p. 173.

246. Conyers Middleton, ‘A Letter from Rome,’ 1729; Hor. Sat. I. v. 98.

247. C. de Brosses, ‘Traité de la Formation Mécanique des Langues,’ &c. (1st ed. 1765); Wedgwood, ‘Origin of Language’ (1866); ‘Dic. of English Etymology’ (1859, 2nd ed. 1872); Farrar, ‘Chapters on Language’ (1865).

248. Among the principal savage and barbaric languages here used for evidence, are as follows:—Africa: Galla (Tutschek, Gr. and Dic.), Yoruba (Bowen, Gr. and Dic.), Zulu (Döhne, Dic.). Polynesia, &c.: Maori (Kendall, Vocab., Williams, Dic.), Tonga (Mariner, Vocab.), Fiji (Hazlewood, Dic.), Melanesia (Gabelentz, Melan. Spr.). Australia (Grey, Moore, Schürmann, Oldfield, Vocabs.). N. America: Pima, Yakama, Clallam, Lummi, Chinuk, Mohawk, Micmac (Smithson. Contr. vol. iii.), Chinook Jargon (Gibbs, Dic.), Quiché (Brasseur, Gr. and Dic.). S. America: Tupi (Diaz, Dic.), Carib (Rochefort, Vocab.), Quichua (Markham, Gr. and Dic.), Chilian (Febres, Dic.), Brazilian tribes (Martius, ‘Glossaria linguarum Brasiliensium’). Many details in Pott, ‘Doppelung,’ &c.

249. Bonwick, ‘Daily Life of Tasmanians,’ p. 140; Capt. Wilson, in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.,’ vol. iv. p. 322, &c.; J. L. Wilson, in ‘Journ. Amer. Oriental Soc.,’ vol. i. 1849, No. 4; also Cranz., ‘Grönland,’ p. 279 (cited below, p. 186). For other accounts, see ‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’ p. 77.

250. Forbes, ‘Aymara Indians,’ in Journ. Eth. Soc. 1870, vol. ii. p. 208.

251. See Helmholtz, ‘Tonempfindungen,’2nded.p. 163; McKendrick, Text Book of Physiology, p. 681, &c., 720, &c.; Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’ 2nd series, p. 95, &c.

252. See Pallegoix, ‘Gramm. Ling. Thai.’; Bastian, in ‘Monatsb. Berlin. Akad.’ June 6, 1867, and ‘Roy. Asiatic Soc.,’ June, 1867.

253. Burton, in ‘Mem. Anthrop. Soc.,’ vol. i. p. 313; Bowen, ‘Yoruba Gr. and Dic.’ p. 5; see J. L. Wilson, ‘W. Afr.,’ p. 461.

254. C. W., in ‘London and Westminster Review,’ Oct. 1837.

255. ‘Accentus est etiam in dicendo cantus obscurior.’—Cic. de Orat.

256. Helmholtz, p. 364.

257. Caswell, in Bastian, ‘Berlin. Akad.’ l.c.

258. Horne Tooke, ‘Diversions of Purley,’ 2nd ed. London, 1798, pt. i. pp. 60-3.

259. R. F. Burton, ‘Lake Regions of Central Africa,’ vol. ii. p. 333; Livingstone, ‘Missionary Tr. in S. Africa,’ p. 298; ‘Gr. of Mpongwe lang,’ A. B. C. F. Missions, Rev. J. L. Wilson, p. 27. See Callaway, ‘Zulu Tales,’ vol. i. p. 59.

260. Arroyo de la Cuesta, ‘Gr. of Mutsun Lang.’ p. 39, in Smithsonian Contr., vol. iii.; Neapolitan mamma mia! exclamation of wonder, &c., Liebrecht in Götting. Gel. Anz. 1872, p. 1287.

261. Shaw, ‘Travels in Barbary,’ in Pinkerton, vol. xv. p. 669.

262. Some of the examples here cited, will be found in Grimm, ‘Deutsche Gr.’vol.iii.p. 308; Pott, ‘Doppelung.’ p. 27; Wedgwood, ‘Origin of Language.’

263. See Pictet, ‘Origines Indo-Europ.’ part i. p. 382; Caldwell, ‘Gr. of Dravidian Langs.’ p. 465; Wedgwood, Dic. s.v. ‘puss,’ &c.; Mariner, ‘Tonga Is. (Vocab.)’; Gibbs, ‘Dic. of Chinook Jargon,’ Smithsonian Coll. No. 161; Pandosy, ‘Gr. and Dic. of Yakama,’ Smithson. Contr. vol. iii.; compare J. L. Wilson, ‘Mpongwe Gr.’ p. 57. The Hindu child’s call to the cat mun mun! may be from Hindust. mâno = cat. It. micio, Fr. mite, minon, Ger. mieze, &c. = ‘cat,’ and Sp. miz! Ger. minz! &c. = ‘puss!’ are from imitations of a mew.

264. For lists of drivers’ words, see Grimm, l.c.; Pott, ‘Zählmethode,’ p. 261; Halliwell, ‘Dic. of Archaic and Provincial English,’ s.v. ‘ree;’ Brand, vol. ii. p. 15; Pictet, part ii. p. 489.

265. ‘Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, &c.’ Recueil de Planches, Paris, 1763, art. ‘Chasses.’ The traditional cries are still more or less in use. See ‘A Week in a French Country-house.’

266. Aldrete, ‘Lengua Castellana,’ Madrid, 1673, s.vv. harre, exe.

267. ‘There prevailed in those days an indecent custom; when the preacher touched any favourite topick in a manner that delighted his audience, their approbation was expressed by a loud hum, continued in proportion to their zeal or pleasure. When Burnet preached, part of his congregation hummed so loudly and so long, that he sat down to enjoy it, and rubbed his face with his handkerchief. When Sprat preached, he likewise was honoured with the like animating hum, but he stretched out his hand to the congregation, and cried, “Peace, peace; I pray you, peace.”’ Johnson, ‘Life of Sprat.’

268. Cranz, ‘Grönland,’ p. 279.

269. D. Wilson, ‘Prehistoric Man,’ p. 65.