The Bābur-nāma in English (Memoirs of Bābur)

Measures—Linear:—aīlīk (finger-breadth) 489, 630; arghamchī (rope) 614; arrow’s-flight (i.a. bow-shot), i.a. 8, 640; from gate-ward to Gate 316; gaz 611 n. 3; kurohi.a.76; qadam (step, pace) 75, 630, (of a horse) 666; qārī7, 208-9, 489, 550, 611-29-30-31; qārīsh (inch) 489; qūlāch406-93; shar‘ī76, 200; spear’s length 196, 377, 474; tanāb (rope) 630; tūtām (hand-breadth) 630; yīghāch (Prs. trs. farsang) 4, 7, 9, 10, 25, 55, 76, 82-3-4, 99, 138, 208-17-18, 323, App. A, v. n. 1; —Time:—Hindūstān divisions of the year 515 to 517; boiling of milk 175, 237; —Weight:—bātmān 263, 276; mān699; miṣqāl 421-77, 632; ratī 477 n. 6, 517; tāsh (stone, silver & gold) 632; Kābul sīr (ser) 632, 546; Table of weights of Hind 517-8; tūla517-41; —ass-load (kharwar) 228, 338-9, 374; —Numeration (Indian) 518; —Capacity:—x mills water-power i.a. 208, 216, 462-5, 581; (coins by the) quiverful 632.

Medical and surgical remedies:—dried plums (prunes) 82; water dropped from cotton 89; trepanning 106-9; seton, bandage (yīldīz) 169; powder for bone-growing 169; water-melon and narcissus 246, 399, 401; rose-water (jūl-āb) 400; antidotes to poison 511, 543; tonic powders 606; opium 608, 661; quicksilver 618; pepper-steaming 657, 660.

Military:—Armies, size of:—Maḥmūd (Ghazni) 479; Shihābu’d-dīn Ghurī 480; Aūz-beg 480; Daulat Khān Lūdī 451; Bābur, Qandahār 334, Bhīra 480, Pānipat 452-80; Ibrahim Lūdī 463-80; Sangā 547; T̤ahmāsp at Jām 635; —Bābur’s force in various encounters (200 to 300) 91; (240) 100; (1000) 87; (240) 334-7; (10 to 15) 140; (100) 147; (10 to 15) 166; (3) ib.; (1) 167; (100) 173; (20 to 25) 177; (1) 178; —Commands:—Mīnglīgh (1000) 52; Nūyān (Mughūli) 151; Tūmān-begi (10,000) 17; Yūz-atlīk (Centurion of horse) 143; Qūchīn 32; —Army array:—108-13-55-98; 234-381; 468-71, 557-8; Bābur’s organization and terms 334; flanking-movement (tūlghuma) 139, described 140, 473, 568; rallying-point 547; rendezvous (buljār) 122-3, 592, 638; at the Sind-ferry 461-2; postings 113-39, 372, 595, 662-68; —Various:—A.S. Corps 674; army-list 451-2; camp-bāzār 67-8; Corps of Braves 28, App.

H, xxvii; discipline 66-7; necessaries for holding a fort 145; numbering (dīm) 154-61, 468, (san) 451-2; pass-words 164; pillars of heads 232, 324-71, 404; war-cries 138-44-55-63-66; ways and means 228, 617; —Rājpūt fighting customs 595; massacres of “Pagans” 370, 484, 596; —Appliances and constructions:—axe (tool) 108, 379; catapult 59; camp defence:—ditch and branch 60-1, 110-17, 138, (908 AH.) 162, Rūmī defence of linked carts infra (932 AH.) 469-70, 550-58; draw-bridge (pul-i-rawān) 171-76; flaming-fire 595; guns see fire-arms; ladders (shātū) 130-31-43-71, 368-70, 593; mantelet (tūrā) 108-13-55, 368, 469, 593; mines 53-9, 343-70; moat 10; pit 198; head-strike (sar-kob) 53-9; spade or shovel (kītmān) 108; smoke 59; wheeled-tripod 550-7; —Armour:—helm 166-7, 396; cuirass (mail or wadded) i.a. 195, 315-96; the word jība 495; Qālmāq jība 175; coat of mail (joshan) 195; horse-mail (kīchīm) see horse; arm-protector, the 4 plates of mail, attachment (gharīcha) 167, 315, 396; —Arms:—battle-axe (bāltū) 160, 370; broad dagger (jaṃdar) 528; hanger (khanjar) 528;

Hindū knife (kārd) 528; lance (neza) 370; six-flanged mace (shash-par) 160; rugged mace (piyāzī, Sanglākh Dict. f. 312b, kisgīn) 160; casse-tâte mace (kistīn) 160; scabbard (qīn) 167; sword (qīlīch) 160-61-67, 315-70-96, 453; broad sword (yāsī qīlīch) 150; (see Archery); —Carts (arāba) for Rūmī defence:—(Pānīpat) ordered collected 468; 700 brought and used as described 468-9; —misleading omission from (E.’s) Memoirs 468 n. 3; —progress of the defences 469-70; mantelets used 469; (position of guns 473-74); —(Kānwa) carts supplemented by wheeled tripods 550; place of carts in the march out 550-57-58; carts the frontal protection 550-58; well-made in Rūmī fashion 550; [posts of matchlockmen and canoneers along the line of carts 569]; carts in the battle 564-697, 471; centre troops move from behind them 570-71; carts advanced in front of Bābur 571; —(Jām) T̤ahmāsp’s Rūmī defence 623, 635-36; —Fire-arms:—firingi (swivel-gun, pierrier) 472, 667; mortars (qāzān) 59 —the Ghāzī cast 536, tested 547 —used 570-99 —ineffective at Chandīrī 592-5 —its elephant-traction 489; mortars and (add) carts landed 651 —used in the Gogra battle (where “tope”) 669-70-71; a larger mortar made, bursts 588; —ẓarb-zan (culverin) 473 —used at Pānīpat 474, Kānwa 564-9, 71, the Ganges-bridge 599, Eastern campaign 651-6; —tūfang, tūfak (matchlock) used 368-9, 466-9, 558-64-70-71-73, 599, 628-67-8-9;

T̤ahmāsp’s 622-35; —gunners and matchlockmen 368, their pay 617 and wellbeing 647; “fire-working” Bengalis 672; —muljār (gun emplacement) 593, 628 (for būljār?), 668; —Stone-missiles:—hurled by hand 109, 370, 595; legendary dropping of by birds 563; discharged from catapults 59, from mortars and matchlocks 109, 369, 431-73, 571-88-93-95-99, 617-67-70-79; —Transport:—pack animals 235; camels 232-5, 378, (counted) 391, 601-56 (see Domestic animals); elephants 489; carts (baggage) 237, 376-77, 468, 636, 700, (gun) 592-99, (unspecified) 601-51-56.

Mughūls and Bābur:—a faithful Mughūl 87-8; Mughūls enter his service 58-9, 189, 190-2-4, 245; support Jahāngīr against him see i.a. snn. Taṃbal, ‘Alī-dost; offer to supplant him by Sa‘īd Chaghatāī 351; sent to help him 101-4, oppose him 115; desert him 86-7, 104-5; Five Rebellions against him 105, 208, 313-4, 345-9, 361-2-3, 397; his following purged of them 427; his comments on them 66, 104-5, 115-40, 172; a Mughūl chief’s dying comment on them 363; “Mughūl dynasty” a misnomer 158.

Muntakhabu’t-tawārīkh, ‘Abdu’l-qādir Badāyūnī (trs. Ranking, Lowe) Ḥasan Hijri 153; Bābur’s Script 228, App. Q, lxii, arrow-sped couplet 361; Mubīn437-8; Chronogram of Sikandar Ludi’s death 427; the haunted field of Pānīpat 472; Ḥasan Miwāti 523; Shaikh Gūran 526; Fārighī 621; Muh. Ghaus̤ 690; quotes Bābur’s Funeral Ode 709.

Music—instruments:—‘aūd (lute) 292, 395; chang (jews'-harp) 303; drum see s.n.; ghachak (guitar) 291; nāī (flute) 291, 303; qānūm (dulcimer) 278; qūbūz (guitar) 39; —modes:—76 n. 5, 136, 287, 422; —performers:—39, 278, 286-7, 291, 292, 422 (Bābur); at entertainments passim; —Banā’ī’s rapid progress as a musician 287.

Natural History—Beasts:—those common to Kābul and Hind 222; wild ass 224, 325; wild buffalo 490, 657; būghū-marāl8, 10, 114, 373, 491, 500; —elephant described 488, encounters with rhino and camel 451, 631, 657, in battle 463-70, 457-66-68, 529, 668, in hunting 657, killed by a fleeing foe 662, killed in Makka 563, statues of, at Gūālīār 609, various 590, 628-58; —ermine-weasel 492; yellow fox 114; flying-fox (bat) 500 (and n. 6 where read f. 135); gainī cattle 492; goat 16, 83; hare 10, 114; —kīyīk:—black buck, hog-deer and a smaller deer 222, 491, āq kīyīk (white) 6, 8, 10, 491, qīzīl kīyīk, arqārghalcha (dun sheep) 224, 491; —tree-mouse 492; monkey, ape 211, 222, 492; musk-rat 214; nīl-gau222, 490; pig 114; qūchqār (ram) 492; karg (rhinoceros) 378, 450-1-89, 557; squirrel 492; flying squirrel 2132957; tiger 393, 664; yāk (qūtās) 55, 155, baḥrī qūtūs485, 490, App. M. —Birds:—migration 220-4; catching 220-4-5; common to Hind and Kābul 220; decoy-birds 225; impeded flight 214, 496; special notes on App. B and N; combined sex-name 500; dīng (adjutant) 398, 498; bak-dīng2958 (adjutant) 499; bāghrī-qarāsee sand-grouse and App. N.; Indian bustard and Great bustard 498; Large buzak (black ibis) 499; white buzak 499, 500 l. 2; buzzard (T. sār) 499, 5002959; chameleon-bird see lūkha; cranes var. 224, 499; crow var. 500; ducks var. 224, 500; egret (qarqara) 224; golden eagle (būrgūt) 373, 500; florican 4982960; goshawk (T. qārchīgha and qīrghīcha) 34, Add. Note, P. 34, 385; grey heron (aūqār) 224, 499; jungle-fowl var. 497; kabg-i-darī214, 496-7, App.

N, xlix (see lūkha); kūīl, koel 501; Indian loriquet 494 n. 5; lūkha var. 213, 222, 496, Add. Note, P. 496 (see kabg-i-darī); magpie 500; green magpie 501; mānek (beef-steak bird) 499; monal496, 497, App. N, phūl-paikar497; bulbul (nightingale) 420, 501; northern-swallow 495; parrot var. 493-4; partridge var. 421-93-96-97; peacock 493; pelican (qūt̤ān) 224, App. N, 1; pheasant (qīr-ghāwal) 3, 8, 10, 34, 114, 493-97 (chīr); qīl-qūyirūgh (Qarshī-birdie) 84, App. B; quail var. 34, 497-8; sand-grouse (bāghrī-qarā) 84, 498,2961 App. B; sārīgh-aūsh2962373; sharak; —Himālayan starling? 495 n. 3; pindāwati495; house-mīna 495 (add n. ref. 5); pied-mīna ib.—sparrow (chūchūq) 8; snow-cock 213, 421, App. N, 1, (see lūkha and chīūrtīka ib.); white stork 499; karcha (swift) 501; wag-tail 498, 501; wild fowl 497; little green wood-pecker 501; zummaj500 (“eagle,” add Its colour is black); —Fish and amphibia:—migration 225; catching 225-7, 406, 682; of Hindustan fish 503; cray fish 502; unnamed 663; frog 503; porpoise 502; crocodile var. 501-2, 663; —Various:—lizard 501-2; locust (chīūrtīka) 421, App. N, 1; mosquito 204; snakes, 8, 147, 406; Flowers:—Farghāna 5, 10; Kābul 215-7; Peshāwār 393; Hind 513-5; —arghwān (red, the Judas-tree) 216-7, 305, (yellow) 217; hibiscus 513; jasmine 515; oleander 514, 580, 610; roses 5, 321 (couplet), 513; screw-pine 516; tulips 5, 215, 321; violets 5; —Fruits:—Farghāna 2, 3, 6, 8, 10; Samarkand 77, 82-4; Kābul 202-3-8-9-10-12-16-18-20-21; Hind 503 to 513, App.

O; —‘ain-ālū 506; almond 6, 7, 9, 223, 507-8; ālū-bālū203; apple 2, 8, 77, 202-20, 507; apricot 6, 202; badrang203; plantain (banāna) 208, 504; cherry 203; chīrūnjī508; citron var. 203-8-10, 501-11; clustered-fig 508; coco-nut 509; colocynth-apple (wild gourd) 410-11 (where for khunt̤al read ḥunz̤al); coriander 211; corinda 507; date-palm 410-24, 506-8; date-plum (T. qarā-yīmīsh) 203-10; fig 508; grape 3, 77, 202-3-10-12-18-21, 507-8, 646-86-87; jack-fruit 506; jāman506, 606; jīlghūza (pine-seeds) 203-13; jujube (sinjid) 196, 203; chīkdā506; kamrak506 (where add, It has no stone); lemon 512, 614; lime var. 512; lote-fruit 507; lotus-seed (dūdah) 666; mango 503; melon var. 10, 82-4, 92, 411, 645-6, 686-7; mimusops 505; myrobalan 508; nāshpāti3; orange var. 203-10-11, 414, 510, 512, Add. N. P. 512, 614, App. O, liii; pear 203; peach 203; pistachio 508; plum 82; monkey-jack 506-7; pomegranate 6, 8, 77, 202-8, 507; quince 202, 507-12; tamarind 505 (n. ref. to būīā); walnut 203, 508; —Trees and plants:—amān-qarā, maize (?) 504, small almond 233, būīā505, būtā-kūh221, clover, trefoil, sih-barga, yūrūnchqā 6, 209, 346, conifers, archa, 221-2, cypress 81, 222, dhak472; ebony-tree 585, 614, hardwood-elm 81, grass (cuscus) 631 n. 2, holm-oak 213-16-23, madder 218, mahuwā505-8, male-reed 514, mandrake and its similars 11, mastic 213-23, millet 81, 215, mulberry (tūt) 248, 494, olive 222, palmyra palm 509, App.

O, liv, Pinus Gerardiana, jilghūza 203-13, plane 216, 398, poplar var. 13, 15, (tūrūk) 145 and 156, 414 (where for “purslain” read poplar), qarqand223, reed 514, rice 210, 342, rhubarb 203, 345, 507, spikenard 392, sugar-cane 208, 388, tabalghū11, tamarisk 14, 463 (where, wrongly, “Tamarind”); —willow 217, 306, (weeping) 304, App. I, (amāl-bīd) 512; —Physical various—Climate:—change on the Kīndīrlīk-pass (?) 2; meeting places of hot and cold in Kābul 208 and 229, 220; both near the town 202; good climate Aūsh 4-6, Kāsān 10, Soghd 84, Kābul 263; —Climes:—Farghāna and Samarkand in the 5th 1, 74; Kābul in the 4th 199; —cold, Akhsī 116, Hasht-yak 151, Ghazni 219, 526, Khwārizm 219, upper Herī-rūd valley 311, Kābul 314; —Various:—dust-storm 520, 32-6; earthquake 247, 367; solar eclipse 659; ice,—Sīr-daryā crossed on 151; Kābul ice-houses 215; near Parhāla 452; none had in Hind 518; —malaria:—Andijān 4, Khujand 8; —rain:—384, 425; rain-making see magic; rain-talisman 423; rainy season (various) 405, 507, 514-19, 677-8; —snow:—208, 215, 252, 314, 373; Himālayan snows 485; perilous journey in snow 309-11; snowfall of Samarkand and Kābul compared 77; —wind:—Farghāna 9 and n. 2, 151; Kābul 201; upper Herī-rūd valley 310; Hind 520, pestilential 524, 532, 654-7, does damage to Bābur’s writings 658.