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NPNF2-04. Athanasius: Select Works and Letters

Evil, then consists essentially in the choice of what is lower in preference to what is higher.

CCEL ThML source edition Philip Schaff
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§5. Evil, then consists essentially in the choice of what is lower in preference to what is higher.
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But the audacity of men, having regard not to what is expedient and becoming, but to what is possible for it, began to do the contrary; whence, moving their hands to the contrary, it made them commit murder, and led away their hearing to disobedience, and their other members to adultery instead of to lawful procreation; and the tongue, instead of right speaking, to slander and insult and perjury; the hands again, to stealing and striking fellow-men; and the sense of smell to many sorts of lascivious odours; the feet, to be swift to shed blood, and the belly to drunkenness and insatiable gluttony110. 2. All of which things are a vice and sin of the soul: neither is there any cause of them at all, but only the rejection of better things. For just as if a charioteer111, having mounted his chariot on the race-course, were to pay no attention to the goal, toward which he should be driving, but, ignoring this, simply were to drive the horse as he could, or in other words as he would, and often drive against those he met, and often down steep places, rushing wherever he impelled himself by the speed of the team, thinking that thus running he has not missed the goal,—for he regards the running only, and does not see that he has passed wide of the goal;—so the soul too, turning from the way toward God, and driving the members of the body beyond what is proper, or rather, driven herself along with them by her own doing, sins and makes mischief for herself, not seeing that she has strayed from the way, and has swerved from the goal of truth, to which the Christ-bearing man, the
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blessed Paul, was looking when he said, “I press on toward the goal unto the prize of the high calling of Christ Jesus112:” so that the holy man, making the good his mark, never did what was evil.

Source notes

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Cf. Plato Phædrus 246 C, 248 A, 253 E, 254.

Source attribution

NPNF2-04. Athanasius: Select Works and Letters; retained source edition and original contributor credits. Public-domain status supported by edition notices or retained historical publication facts; source-host site design and index descriptions are excluded.

The gradual abasement of the Soul from Truth to Falsehood by the abuse of her freedom of Choice. False views of the nature of evil: viz., that evil is something in the nature of things, and has substantive existence. (a) Heathen thinkers: (evil resides in matter). Their refutation. (b) Heretical teachers: (Dualism). Refutation from Scripture.