Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development

99. Welcker, Griechische Götterlehre, Gottingen 1857, I. 66.

100. I find this identification, it is true, only in later books, Tânâ de-bhê Elîyâ, c. 27; Sêder ʿôlâm, c. 21; see Halâkhôth gedôlôth (hilkhôth haspêd). In the Sêder had-dôrôth, under the year 2189, Beor is called son of Laban. On Laban see Chap. V. § 11. Besides the name Loḳmân, which in signification corresponds with Bileʿâm (Balaam), we find in the Preislamite genealogy of the Arabs, which in my opinion is largely mixed up with mythical names, the chief Balʿâʾu, who is said to have been a leper (Ibn Dureyd, Kitâb al-ishtiḳâḳ, p. 106. 8). It should be observed that this is a man’s name with the grammatical form of a feminine adjective.

101. See Chap V. § 10 end.

102. Sôṭâ, fol. 10. a.

103. See Excursus B.

104. ‘Die andere culturhistorisch.’ I am obliged to render this convenient adjective by a circumlocution, as ‘civilisation-historical’ would be too cumbrous and hardly intelligible.—Tr.

105. I must refer those readers who are not sufficiently familiar with the terminology to Steinthal’s Abriss der Sprachwissenschaft, Berlin 1871, vol. I., where all this is fully discussed in the section Elementare psychische Processe.

106. But it is to be observed that some of the expressions produced by Polyonymy [multitude of names] survive the process of fusion and remain with the original signification; thus e.g. several names for Moon in Hebrew. On such names Synonymy, a secondary function of conscious speech, then performs its work.

107. Chips, First Series, pp. 356, 361.

108. On the Pronoun Wilhelm von Humboldt’s essay, Ueber die Verwandtschaft der Ortsadverbien mit dem Pronomen, Berlin 1830, still deserves study. See also what is said below (Chap. V. § 6) on Âshêr.

109. Budenz, in the Hungarian review Magyar Nyelvőr (‘Guardian of the Hungarian Language’), 1875, IV. 57.

110. Max Müller, Chips, II. pp. 93–106.

111. See Chap. V § 5, 6.

112. Kitâb al-aġânî, I. 133. 19. Compare al-Meydânî, ed. Bûlâḳ, II. 262. 4.

113. Both wind and rain are placed in connexion with the night in the Dîvân of the Huḏailites, ed. Kosegarten, p. 125, v.5: taʿtâduhu rîḥu-sh-shimâli biḳurrihâ * fî kulli leylatin dâjinin wa-hutûni, ‘the Northwind blows over it with his coldness every cloudy rainy night.’

114. Yâḳût’s Geogr. Dictionary, I. 24. 2.

115. Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, &c. 1874, VIII. 179.

116. See Böttcher’s article on this group of roots in Höfer’s Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft der Sprache (Greifswald 1851), III. 16.

117. See especially the lucid exposition of Dr. Abr. Geiger, in his Das Judenthum und seine Geschichte (2nd edit.), I. 51.

118. In other countries also human sacrifices have been abolished by a reform of religion, and sacrifices limited to beasts and vegetables; e.g. in Mexico, where the reform is attributed to Quetzalcoatl. See Waitz, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, IV. 141.

119. The Sunset is child of Night only if we keep before our eyes the mythical identity of the Morning and Evening Glow, according to § 2 of this chapter.

120. See Sir Ch. Lyell, The Geological Evidence of the Antiquity of Man (4th ed. 1873), pp. 122 et seq. and 228. See also F. Lenormant’s essay, ‘L’Homme Fossile,’ in his Les premiéres Civilisations, I. 42.

121. Anthropologie der Naturvölker, I. 407. Compare Hehn, Culturpflanzen und Hausthiere, 2nd edit., p. 103.

122. Bergmann, Les peuples primitifs de la race de Jafète, Colmar 1853, pp. 42, 45, 52, 53 apud Renan, Hist. gén. d. langues sém., p. 39. It is interesting that the ancients explained the hard-bested name of the Pelasgians from this point of view, making Πελασγοί equivalent to πελαργοί = storks (Strabo, V. 313; Falconer, ed. Kramer, V. 2, § 4). Compare Pott, Etymologische Forschungen, 1836, II. 527.

123. Blau in the Zeitschrift d. D. M. G., 1858, II. 589.

124. Waitz, ibid. II. 349.

125. Gesenius, Thesaurus, p. 410. a.

126. Munk, Palästina, Germ. transl. by Levy, Leipzig 1871, p. 190.

127. Ebers, Aegypten und die Bücher Moses, I. 70.

128. See the passage in Schrader, Keilinschriften und das A. T., p. 64. 20.

129. See Böttcher, Ausführl. Lehrb. d. hebräischen Sprache, edited by Mühlau, p. 7, note.

130. Einleitung in das Studium der arab. Sprache, p. 19.

131. Compare the Hottentot national name Saan, from sâ ‘to rest,’ i.e. ‘the Settlers’ (F. Müller, Allgemeine Ethnographie, p. 75).

132. J.S. Müller, Semiten, Chamiten und Japheiten, &c, p. 257.

133. Lenormant, Études Accadiennes, pt. 3, I. 72.

134. Al-Nawawî (the Cairo edition of Muslim’s collection, with Commentary), V. 169.

135. Kitâb al-aġânî, XVI. 82 penult.

136. Burton’s First Footsteps in East Africa, London 1856, p. 174.

137. See al-Nâbiġâ, XXXI. v. 4 (Derenbourg).

138. On the Calendar of the Arabs before Moḥammed (in Zeitschrift der D. M. G., 1859, XIII. 161).