Primitive culture, vol. 1 (of 2)

682. Steinhauser, ‘Religion des Negers,’ in ‘Magazin der Evang. Missionen’, Basel, 1856, No. 2, p. 135.

683. ‘Historie del S. D. Fernando Colombo,’ tr. Alfonso Ulloa, Venice, 1571, p. 127, Eng. Tr. in Pinkerton, vol. xii. p. 80.

684. Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 120.

685. 1 Sam.xxviii. 12.

686. Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ p. 269.

687. Pennant, ‘2nd Tour in Scotland,’ in Pinkerton, vol. iii. p. 315; Johnson, ‘Journey to the Hebrides.’

688. J. Gardner, ‘Faiths of the World,’ s.v. ‘bilocation.’

689. Mason, ‘Karens,’ l.c. p. 198.

690. Shortland, ‘Trads. of New Zealand,’ p. 140; Polack, ‘M. and C. of New Zealanders,’ vol. i. p. 268. See also Ellis, ‘Madagascar,’ vol. i. p. 393; J. G. Müller, p. 261.

691. Calmet, ‘Diss. sur les Esprits,’vol.i.ch.xl.

692. Wuttke, ‘Volksaberglaube,’pp. 44, 56, 208; Brand, ‘Popular Antiquities,’ vol. iii. pp. 155, 235; Johnson, ‘Journey to the Hebrides;’ Martin, ‘Western Islands of Scotland,’ in Pinkerton, vol. iii. p. 670.

693. See R. D. Owen, ‘Footfalls on the Boundary of another World;’ Mrs. Crowe, ‘Night-Side of Nature;’ Howitt’s Tr. of Ennemoser’s ‘Magic,’ &c.

694. The conception of the soul as a small human image is found in various districts; see Eyre, ‘Australia,’ vol. ii. p. 356; St. John, ‘Far East,’ vol. i. p. 189 (Dayaks); Waitz, vol. iii. p. 194 (N. A. Ind.). The idea of a soul as a sort of ‘thumbling’ is familiar to the Hindus and to German folklore; compare the representations of tiny souls in mediæval pictures.

695. Magalhanes de Gandavo, p. 110; Maffei, ‘Indie Orientali,’ p. 107.

696. Oldfield in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 287.

697. Waitz, vol.ii.p. 194; Römer, ‘Guinea,’ p. 42.

698. Meiners, vol.ii.pp. 756, 763; Purchas, vol. iii. p. 495; J. Jones in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii. p. 138.

699. Calmet, vol.i.ch.xxxvi.; Plin. Ep. vii. 27; Hunt, ‘Pop. Romances,’ vol. ii. p. 156.

700. Le Jeune in ‘Rel. des Jésuites,’ 1639, p. 43; see 1634, p. 13.

701. Shortland, ‘Trads. of N. Z.’ p. 92; Yate, p. 140; R. Taylor, pp. 104, 153; Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 406.

702. Callaway, ‘Rel. of Amazulu,’ pp. 265, 348, 370.

703. Homer, II.xxiii. 100.

704. Ovid, Fast. v. 457.

705. Isaiah viii. 19; xxix. 4. The Arabs hate whistling (el sifr), it is talking to devils (Burton, ‘First Footsteps in East Africa,’ p. 142). ‘Nicolaus Remigius, whose “Daemonolatreia” is one of the ghastliest volumes in the ghastly literature of witchcraft, cites Hermolaus Barbarus as having heard the voice sub-sibilantis daemonis, and, after giving other instances, adduces the authority of Psellus to prove that the devils generally speak very low and confusedly in order not to be caught fibbing,’ Dr Sebastian Evans in ‘Nature,’ June 22, 1871, p. 140. (Nicolai Remigii Daemonolatreia, Col. Agripp. 1596, lib. i. c. 8, ‘pleraeque aliae vocem illis esse aiunt qualem emittunt qui os in dolium aut restam rimosam insertum habent’—‘ut Daemones e pelvi stridulâ voce ac tenui sibilo verba ederent’).

706. Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 176.

707. Flacourt, ‘Madagascar,’ p. 101.

708. N. B. Dennys, ‘Folk-Lore of China,’ p. 22.

709. Monnier, ‘Traditions Populaires,’ p. 142; Wuttke, ‘Volksaberglaube,’ p. 209; Grimm, ‘D. M.’ p. 801; Meiners, vol. ii. p. 761.

710. Lang, ‘Queensland,’ p. 441; Bonwick, ‘Tasmanians,’ p. 187.

711. Charlevoix, ‘Nouvelle France,’vol.vi.pp. 76, 122; Le Jeune in ‘Rel. des Jésuites,’ 1634, p. 23; 1639, p. 44; Tanner’s ‘Narr.’ p. 292; Peter Jones, ‘Hist. of Ojebway Indians,’ p. 99.

712. Bastian, ‘Mensch,’ vol. ii. p. 323.

713. Meiners, vol.i.p. 318.

714. Festus, s.v. ‘everriatores;’ see Bastian, l.c., and compare Hartknoch, cited below, vol. ii. p. 40.

715. Wuttke, ‘Volksaberglaube,’pp. 132, 216.

716. Casalis, ‘Basutos,’ p. 285; Glanvil, ‘Saducismus Triumphatus,’ part ii. p. 161; Wuttke, p. 216; Bastian ‘Psychologie’ p. 192.

717. Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. p. 135.

718. Cranz, ‘Grönland,’ p. 257.

719. Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 429.

720. Loubere, ‘Siam,’ vol. i. p. 458; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ vol. iii. p. 259; see p. 278.

721. Diog. Laert. x. 67-8; see Serv. ad. Æn. iv. 654.