The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic An...

1012. Preller, i. 190. I cannot say that I find evidence earlier than the passage of Tibullus, 1. 7. 26 (Jupiter Pluvius).

1013. Note that the Flamen Dialis is not mentioned along with the Pontifices by Servius, l.c.

1014. See on May 15.

1015. Golden Bough, i. 11 foll.; Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, 595 foll.; abundant examples in the works of Mannhardt, see indices.

1016. From Samoa, by G. Turner, p. 145.

1017. Compare together Nonius, 547. 10; 559. 19 (s. v. trulleum), from Varro; Festus, 128, s. v. ‘manalis lapis,’ from Verrius Flaccus. The suggestion that the stone was hollow is O. Gilbert’s.

1018. Aust, Lex. 657, who believes the Romans to have been mistaken. The locus classicus is Ovid, Fasti, 3. 285 foll.; a more rational account in Liv. 1. 20; Plin. N. H. 2. 140. Note the position of the altar of this Jupiter, i. e. the Aventine.

1019. Germania, 9.

1020. 7. 3.

1021. Festus, 55.

1022. In Röm. Chronologie, p. 175 foll. Preller (i. 258) had already seen that the ceremony was a religious one, but believed it to be annual, and used for the reckoning of time.

1023. ‘An sich hat der Nagel gewiss mit dem Jahre nichts zu thun, sondern steht in seiner natürlichen und wohlbekannten Bedeutung der Schicksalsfestung, in welcher er als Attribut der grausen Nothwendigkeit (saeva Necessitas), der Fortuna, der Atropos bei römischen Schriftstellern und auf italischen Bildwerken begegnet.’ Mommsen, op. cit. 179. He alludes, of course, to Horace, Od. 1. 35, and 3. 24, and to the Etruscan mirror mentioned by Preller (p. 259): see Gerhard, Etr. Spiegel, i. 176. But the interpretation of this mirror, as given by Preller, seems to me very doubtful.

1024. C. I. L. i 2. 281.

1025. Varro, R. R. 1. 34. Pliny, N. H. 18. 315: ‘Vindemiam antiqui nunquam existimavere maturam ante aequinoctium, iam passim rapi cerno.’ Sec. 319 ‘Iustum vindemiae tempus ab aequinoctio ad Vergiliarum occasum dies xliii.’

1026. See above, p. 97.

1027. Pliny, N. H. 14. 88 ‘Vino rogum ne respargito.’ Cp. 18. 24.

1028. Kulturpflanzen, &c., p. 65.

1029. 1. 21. Dion. Hal. 2. 75. The significance of this covered vehicle seems to be unknown.

1030. Many passages might be collected to bear out Dionysius’ remarks: the reader may refer to Preller, i. 250 foll.

1031. Pliny, N. H. xi. 250. So ‘dextram fidemque dare.’

1032. Wissowa, in Lex. s. v. Fides, Preller. i. 251. Serv. Aen. 1. 292 and 8. 636: but Serv. in the latter note says ‘Quia fides tecta esse debet et velata.’

1033. Libanius, Decl. 19; Photius, s. v. κροκοῦν (Bötticher, Baumkultus, p. 43) οἱ μύσται ὡς φασὶ κρόκῃ τὴν δεξιὰν χεῖρα καὶ τὸν πόδα ἀναδοῦνται.

1034. Hor. Od. 1. 35. 21.

1035. The authorities for this and the altars connected with it are Livy, 1. 26; Dion. Hal. 3. 22; Festus, 297 and Paul. 307; Aur. Vict. 4. 9; Schol. Bob. ad Cic. p. 277 Orelli; Lydus de Mensibus, 4. 1.

1036. Kiepert u. Huelsen, Formae urbis Romae antiquae, p. 92 and map 1; Jordan, Topogr. ii. 100.

1037. So Roscher, in Lex. s. v. Ianus, 21; Gilbert, Topogr. 1. 180, who would make it the ‘porta Ianualis’ of Macrob. 1. 19. 17, wrongly.

1038. It is always in the singular, e. g. ‘Transmisso per viam tigillo,’ Livy, l. c. Dionys. writes as if it were originally a iugum, i. e. two uprights and a cross-beam, but does not imply that it was so in his day.

1039. The altars are mentioned by Festus, Dionys, and Schol. Bob.

1040. Lex. s. v. Janus, 21; quoting Grimm, Deutsche Myth. (E. T. 1157, with quotation from White’s Selborne).

1041. Marquardt, 584.

1042. Macrob. 1. 9. 16 ‘[Ianum] Iunonium quia non solum mensis Ianuarii sed mensium omnium ingressum tenentem: in dicione autem Iunonis sunt omnes Kalendae.’

1043. This Juno may be the ‘Weibliche Genius einer Frau,’ as Roscher suggests (s. v. Janus, 22; s. v. Juno. 598, he seems to think otherwise). But as she is connected with Janus, I should doubt it. For an explanation of ‘Ianus Curiatius’ cp. Lydus, l. c. ἔφορος εὐγενῶν.

1044. Curriti Arv.: Q[uiriti] Paul.

1045. p. 223.

1046. Paulus, 123; Varro, L. L. 6. 21.

1047. Henzen, Act. Fr. Arv. pp. 11, 12, 14.

1048. L. L. vi. 22. Cp. Festus, 85.

1049. Cic. N. D. iii. 20.

1050. Preller, i. 176.

1051. Henzen, Acta Fr. Arv. 146. The deities to whom piacula are here to be sacrificed are deities of the grove of the Brethren: hence I should conclude that this Fons simply represented a particular spring there.