FOOTNOTES:
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Darwin, Charles
1011 (return) [ ‘The Spectator,’ July 11, 1868, p. 810.]
1012 (return) [ ‘Body and Mind,’ 1870, pp. 51-53.]
1013 (return) [ Le Brun, in his well-known ‘Conference sur l’Expression’ (‘La Physionomie, par Lavater,’ edit. of 1820, vol. lx. p. 268), remarks that anger is expressed by the clenching of the fists. See, to the same effect, Huschke, ‘Mimices et Physiognomices, Fragmentum Physiologicum,’ 1824, p. 20. Also Sir C. Bell, ‘Anatomy of Expression,’ p. 219.]
1014 (return) [ Transact. Philosoph. Soc., Appendix, 1746, p. 65.]
1015 (return) [ ‘Anatomy of Expression,’ p. 136. Sir C. Bell calls (p. 131) the muscles which uncover the canines the snarling muscles.]
1016 (return) [ Hensleigh Wedgwood, ‘Dictionary of English Etymology,’ 1865, vol. iii. pp. 240, 243.]
1017 (return) [ ‘The Descent of Man,’ 1871, vol. L p. 126.]
1101 (return) [ ‘De In Physionomie et la Parole,’ 1865, p. 89.]
1102 (return) [ ‘Physionomie Humaine,’ Album, Légende viii. p. 35. Gratiolet also speaks (De la Phys. 1865, p. 52) of the turning away of the eyes and body.]
1103 (return) [ Dr. W. Ogle, in an interesting paper on the Sense of Smell (‘Medico-Chirurgical Transactions,’ vol. liii. p. 268), shows that when we wish to smell carefully, instead of taking one deep nasal inspiration, we draw in the air by a succession of rapid short sniffs. If “the nostrils be watched during this process, it will be seen that, so far from dilating, they actually contract at each sniff. The contraction does not include the whole anterior opening, but only the posterior portion.” He then explains the cause of this movement. When, on the other hand, we wish to exclude any odour, the contraction, I presume, affects only the anterior part of the nostrils.]
1104 (return) [ ‘Mimik und Physiognomik,’ ss. 84, 93. Gratiolet (ibid. p. 155) takes nearly the same view with Dr. Piderit respecting the expression of contempt and disgust.]
1105 (return) [ Scorn implies a strong form of contempt; and one of the roots of the word ‘scorn’ means, according to Mr. Wedgwood (Dict. of English Etymology, vol. iii. p. 125), ordure or dirt. A person who is scorned is treated like dirt.]
1106 (return) [ ‘Early History of Mankind,’ 2nd edit. 1870, p. 45.]
1107 (return) [ See, to this effect, Mr. Hensleigh Wedgwood’s Introduction to the ‘Dictionary of English Etymology,’ 2nd edit. 1872, p. xxxvii.]
1108 (return) [ Duchenne believes that in the eversion of the lower lip, the corners are drawn downwards by the depressores anguli oris. Henle (Handbuch d. Anat. des Menschen, 1858, B. i. s. 151) concludes that this is effected by the musculus quadratus menti.]
1109 (return) [ As quoted by Tylor, ‘Primitive Culture,’ 1871, vol. i. p. 169.]
1110 (return) [ Both these quotations are given by Mr. H. Wedgwood, ‘On the Origin of Language,’ 1866, p. 75.]
1111 (return) [ This is stated to be the case by Mr. Tylor (Early Hist. of Mankind, 2nd edit. 1870, p. 52); and he adds, “it is not clear why this should be so.”]
1112 (return) [ ‘Principles of Psychology,’ 2nd edit. 1872, p. 552.]
1113 (return) [ Gratiolet (De la Phys. p. 351) makes this remark, and has some good observations on the expression of pride. See Sir C. Bell (‘Anatomy of Expression,’ p. 111) on the action of the musculus superbus.]
1114 (return) [ ‘Anatomy of Expression,’ p. 166.]
1115 (return) [ ‘Journey through Texas,’ p. 352.]
1116 (return) [ Mrs. Oliphant, ‘The Brownlows,’ vol. ii. p. 206.]
1117 (return) [ ‘Essai sur le Langage,’ 2nd edit. 1846. I am much indebted to Miss Wedgwood for having given me this information, with an extract from the work.]
1118 (return) [ ‘On the Origin of Language,’ 1866, p. 91.]
1119 (return) [ ‘On the Vocal Sounds of L. Bridgman;’ Smithsonian Contributions, 1851, vol. ii. p. 11.]
1120 (return) [ ‘Mémoire sur les Microcéphales,’ 1867, p. 27.]
1121 (return) [ Quoted by Tylor, ‘Early History of Mankind,’ 2nd edit. 1870, p. 38.]
1122 (return) [ Mr. J. B. Jukes, ‘Letters and Extracts,’ &c. 1871, p. 248.]
1123 (return) [ F. Lieber, ‘On the Vocal Sounds,’ &c. p. 11. Tylor, ibid. p. 53.]
1124 (return) [ Dr. King, Edinburgh Phil. Journal, 1845, p. 313.]
1125 (return) [ Tylor, ‘Early History of Mankind,’ 2nd edit. 1870, p. 53.]
1126 (return) [ Lubbock, ‘The Origin of Civilization,’ 1870, p. 277. Tylor, ibid. p. 38. Lieber (ibid. p. 11) remarks on the negative of the Italians.]
1201 (return) [ ‘Mécanisme de la Physionomie,’ Album, 1862, p. 42.]
1202 (return) [ ‘The Polyglot News Letter,’ Melbourne, Dec. 1858, p. 2.]
1203 (return) [ ‘The Anatomy of Expression,’ p. 106.]
1204 (return) [ Mécanisme de la Physionomie,’ Album, p. 6.]
1205 (return) [ See, for instance, Dr. Piderit (‘Mimik und Physiognomik,’ s. 88), who has a good discussion on the expression of surprise.]
1206 (return) [ Dr. Murie has also given me information leading to the same conclusion, derived in part from comparative anatomy.]
1207 (return) [ ‘De la Physionomie,’ 1865, p. 234.]