CHAPTER XI (continued 2)
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Toy, Crawford Howell and Jastrow, Morris
Source notes
678 Ellis, Madagascar, i, 23, 423.
679 Callaway, The Amazulu, pp. 145, 151.
680 A. B. Ellis, The Eẃe, p. 102 f.
681 Steinmetz, Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwicklung der Strafe. A. L. Kroeber (in Journal of American Folklore, 1904) gives an account of a 'ghost-dance' in Northwest California, the object of which was said to be that the dead might return, though the details are obscure.
682 Some such custom seems to be referred to in Deut. xxvi, 14.
683 Fritsch, Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas.
684 Mariner, Tonga, p. 149.
685 Wellhausen, Reste arabischen Heidentumes, p. 162 f.; Goldziher, in Revue de l'histoire des religions, x. So the Egyptian fellahin to-day.
686 Codrington, The Melanesians, p. 219 f.; Bonney, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xiii, 122 ff.; Haddon, Head-hunters, pp. 91 f., 183; G. Allen, Evolution of the Idea of God, chap. iii.
687 Sir G. S. Robertson, The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, pp. 645 ff., 615 ff., 414 f.
688 Breasted, Egypt, p. 421, etc.
689 Jastrow, Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, p. 604 f.
690 Deut. xxvi, 14; Hos. ix, 4; Ezek. xxiv, 17 (revised text); Isa. viii, 19; 1 Sam. xxviii, 13.
691Rig-Veda, x, 15; Hopkins, Religions of India, p. 143 f.
692 Spiegel, Eranische Alterthumskunde, ii, 91 ff.
693Odyssey, xi, 74 ff.; cf. xxiv, 63 ff.
694Odyssey, x, 519 ff.; xi, 25 ff.
695 Stengel and Oehmichen, Die griechischen Sakralaltertümer, p. 99 f.
696 Gardner and Jevons, Greek Antiquities, p. 158 ff.; Gruppe, Griechische Mythologie, Index, s.v. Heros; Deneken, article "Heros" in Roscher, Lexikon. Lists of heroes are given by F. Pfister, in Der Reliquienkult im Altertum.
697 Thucydides, v, 11; Pausanias, i, 32. For other examples, and for the details of the cult, see Stengel and Oehmichen, Die griechischen Sakralaltertümer, p. 96 ff.
698 Similar functions are performed by saints in some Buddhist, Christian, and Moslem communities.
699 Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft; Miss J. E. Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, chap. ii, and the references in these works. On the Keres as ghosts see Crusius, in Roscher's Lexikon, s.v. Keren, and Harrison, op. cit., chap. v.
700 Ovid, Fasti, v, 439 ff., manes exite paterni; cf. the Greek proverbial expression θύραζε κᾶρες (Suidas, s.v. θύραζε).
701 De Groot, Religion of the Chinese, chap. iii.
702 Aston, Shinto; Knox, Religion in Japan, p. 66 f.
703 1 Sam. xxviii.
704 Cf. also the Teutonic valkyrs and nornas.
705 See above, § 359. The wide prevalence of the theory in ancient times is indicated by its adoption in the Græco-Jewish Wisdom of Solomon (of the first century B.C.), chap. xiv, and by some Roman writers.
706 § 262 ff.
707 For example, in Australia, Fiji, New Guinea, and India.
708 Greece, Rome (Lupercalia), Egypt, and apparently in Israel (Ex. xxxii, 6; Numb. xxv).
709 In carnivals and many less elaborate customs.
710 See above, § 34.
711 It was observable in the lower animals, but in their case was not regarded as religiously important. See below, § 419, for the connection of animals with phallic cults.
712 § 158 ff.
713 Hastings, Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, ii, 361.
714 See Ratzel, History of Mankind; Waitz, Anthropologie der Naturvölker; Müller, Amerikanische Urreligionen; Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia; Codrington, The Melanesians; W. Ellis, Polynesian Researches; Hartland, article "Bantu" in Hastings, Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics; Callaway, Amazulus; Featherman, Races of Mankind; Grünwedel, "Lamaismus" in Die orientalischen Religionen (I, iii, 1 of Die Kultur der Gegenwart); Brinton, Myths of the New World, p. 149; Matthews, Dorsey, Teit, Boas, Hill-Tout, opp. cit. (on American Indians).
715 § 34.
716 A. B. Ellis, Yoruba and Eẃe. Ellis does not say that the cult exists in Ashanti, where we should expect it to be found; its absence there is not accounted for. On phallic worship in Congo see H. H. Johnston, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xiii.
717 Hopkins, Religions of India, pp. 453, 470.