Byways in British Archaeology

246, 284, 286, 288, 289, 347 Hammer, of Thor, 27, 198; in graves, 294, 305; perforated, 305 Hampshire, holy wells of, 96; orientation of churches, 222, 229; yews, 406; oxen, 454, 458 Hanchurch (Staffs.), 104 Hanging, punishment by, 68-9 Hanover, 362 Hansard, G. A., on supply of yew for bows, 393 Hardy, Rev. C. R., on bone in Canewdon church, 200, 201 Hardy, Mr T., Far from the Madding Crowd, cited, 193; burial of coins with the dead, 296 Harlyn Bay (Cornwall), Late-Celtic cemetery, 249, 299, 321, 322; quartz in graves, 299; teeth found in graves, 321 Harnack, Prof. A., on early Christianity, 25 Harptree-under-Mendip (Somerset), 46 Harrison, Mr Benjamin, on Maplescombe church, 38 Harrison, William, on churches used for markets, 174 Hartland, Mr E. S., on mourning dress, 287 Harvest customs, 436 Hascombe (Surrey), 183 Haslemere (Surrey), 265 Hasted, E., on Buckland yew, 377 Hastings, Battle of, 57, 387 Hatchments, in churches, 284 Hatfield Peverel (Essex), 344 Hathersage (Derby), earthwork near church, 16; court held in church, 140 Haverfield, Prof. F. J., pavement at Wroxeter, 7; Castle Acre, 12; Whitestaunton villa, 95 Havering-atte-Bower (Essex), 165 Hawker, R. S., on symbolism of

the cardinal points, 328; his “Daughter of the Rock,” 343 Haydon (Northumberland), 7 Hayes (Middlesex), 190 Hayes, Rev. J. W., tombstone at Chadwell St Mary, 50; Gorseddau and stone-circles, 98, 255-7; purposes of stone-circles, 255, 257 Heads, of animals, superstitions regarding, 440, 441, 442, 443 Headstones, evolution of, 269; early examples, 346; distribution in the churchyard, 347-50 Healing springs, 94, 95, 97, 332 Hearne, Thomas, his grave, 245; on grave-mounds, 260 Heart of Midlothian, cited, 486 Heart-urchin (= fossil echinoderm), 303 Hebrew proverb, quoted, 465 Hebridean burial custom, 352 Hehn, Prof. P., on range of yew-trees, 363 Helmdon (Northants.), 453 Hems, Mr H., on position of churches, 348, 349 Henderson, W., on churchyard yew and witches, 396 Hengist and Horsa, 441 Henley-on-Thames (Oxford), 265 Henry V, burial of, 432 Hensor (Bucks.), 376 Hereford, blacksmiths of, 426 Herefordshire, detached church towers, 122-3 Herodotus, cited, 70; on Scythian burial customs, 287-8, 289; horses of the Sagarthians, 414; Danubian tribes, 420; white horses, 433; Egyptian custom, 440 Hertfordshire, churches of, 223; harvest custom, 436; horse lore, 497 Hesse, 362 Hessle

(Yorks.), 165 Heûllan (Wales), 398 Hexham (Northumberland), 216 n. Heygate, Rev. E. W., on place-name, Canewdon, 201 Heylyn, Peter, on the cardinal points, 333 Heywood, Thomas, cited, 483 Hicks, Canon E. L., on Christmas, 27 High Commission Court, the, 140 High Halden (Kent), 347 Highlands, burial feasts, 319; use of terms East and West, in the, 328; yew superstition, 399; ponies of, 413; black cattle, 480 Hill of Scone (Perth), 65 Hills, Mr G. M., on acoustic jars, 447, 449 Hill-top churches, 101-4 Himalayas, the, 382 Hindoos, and white stones, 299; and eclipses, 397 Hipparion, 409 Hippo-sandals, 428, 429 Hissey, Mr J. J., on Lincolnshire burial, 244 History of the Protestant Reformation, cited, 133 Hitchin (Herts.), 7 Hive-bees, 395, 395 n. Hoare, Sir R. C., on Chisbury camp, 14; discovery at Amesbury, 483 Hobhouse, Bishop, on parish vestry, 142 Hobson, Mr W. F., on orientation, 241, 242 Hockliffe (Bedford), 453 Holland, use of horse-pattens, 428; horse-skull superstition, 440 Holland, Philemon, translation of Pliny, 294 Holmes, Dr T. Rice, and Sidbury Hill, 255; moundless graves, 261; Scandinavian rock-carvings, 481 Holm oak, in churchyards, 384, 401 Holton-le-Clay (Lincs.),

108 Holybourne (Hants.), 96 Holy wells, 92-7 Homer, cited, 327; on the horse, 419 Honolulu (Sandwich Islands), 208 Honorius, Edict of, 26 “Hoodening horse,” the, 441-2 Hope (Derby), 153 Hope, Mr R. C., on Cornish holy wells, 96 Hope, Mr W. St John, on basilica at Silchester, 24; castle-mounds, 55 Horace, cited, 316 Horncastle (Lincs.), 12 Hornchurch (Essex), 443 Horn dancers, 185 Hornsea (Yorks.), 150, 418 n. Hornsey (Middlesex), 207, 211 Horsa and Hengist, 441 Horse, in the churchyard, 157, 186-7; cult of the, 408-51; ancestry, 408-11; modifications of structure, 411; carvings of, by cave-man, 411-12; possible domestication by cave-man, 414-16; eaten by cave-man, 415, 416; during Neolithic period, 416, 417, 418; in round barrows, 417, 419; at Whitepark Bay, 418; in lake-dwellings, 418 n., 421; reared by nomadic tribes, 419, 421; in the Bible, 420, 472; attached to chariots, 421; how mounted in early times, 421; in warfare, 421; shoeing, 423-9, 470, 471, 472, 473; buried with owner, 429, 431-2; slaughtered at altar, 432; white, 433-4; sacrifices of, 433, 434, 435, 436; in augury, 433, 434; as food, 436-40; as beast of draught, 454, 455, 457, 458, 466-8, 474; yoked with oxen, 458;

breeding, 468; superstitions, 497 Horse-chestnut, in churchyards, 384 Horseflesh, eating of, 436-40, 466, 483, 491; Keysler’s view, 436-7, 438; forbidden by Gregory III, 437; dictum of Gregory II, 437; connected with Odin and witches, 438; Dufour on, 438-9; eaten by cave-men, 439-40 Horse-heads, ceremonial eating of, 440 Horse-races, early, 422 Horses, in church porch, 157; in churchyards, 187-8 Horseshoes, in church porch, 157; Roman, 423, 424, 425, 468-70; Saxon, 424, 424 n., 426; in Domesday Book, 426; in Northumberland, 426-7; round, 426, 427-8 Horse-skulls, deemed accursed by the Egyptians, 440; ceremonies attached to, 440; offered to Odin, 440; in magic, 440; as gable ornaments, 440, 441; in mythology, 442; under buildings, 444-5; in acoustics, 445, 446, 449-51; sacrifice, 481 Horsley, East and West (Surrey), 340 Houghton-le-Spring (Durham), 272 n. Housman, Prof. A. E., his Shropshire Lad, quoted, 351 Hove (Sussex), 78, 274 Howden (Yorks.), 168 Howitt, Dr A. W., on Australian burial customs, 252 Howlett, Mr E., on burial of candles in graves, 295 Hudibras, quoted, 257 Hughes, Prof. T. McKenny, on horseshoes, 424 Hull, Miss E., on Irish round towers, 119, 121 “Humanist”

school, 280 Hundsjael (= snail shells), 309 Hunmanby (Yorks.), 285, 430 Hurstbourne Tarrant (Hants.), 372 Hutchinson, Miss T., photograph by, 265 Hutchinson, W., on Penrith tomb, 50 Huxley, T. H., on the human skeleton, 90; on the horse, 408 Huysmans, M. J. K., on deflected chancels, 231; on “leaning-head theory,” 236 Hydriotaphia, Browne’s, cited, 311 Hyracotherium, 409, 410 Iceland, stone-circles of, 65 Ickleton (Cambs.), 30 Iford (Sussex), 384 Ilford (Essex), 454 “Incense-cups,” 314 Inchlonaig, or Inchconakhead (island in Loch Lomond), 392, 392 n. India, Christian churches in, 208; superstition regarding white stones, 299; burial of suicides, 358; horse sacrifice, 434; oxen, 467, 482 Ingatestone (Essex), 40 Ingelow, Jean, pet names for cows, 486 Inhumation, practice of, 263, 264, 275, 277, 316; why introduced, 263 Inn-signs, 433, 485 Inverary (Argyle), 299 Ireland, early Christianity in, 27; churches on pagan sites, 48, 49, 86; holy wells, 93, 94; round towers, 118-22, 123; stone-circles, 256; hammers in graves, 294; “Godstones” in graves, 299; deiseal, 330; burial on “wrong side,” 352; yew-trees of, 394, 395, 403; hive-bees, 395; magicians, 401; epics, 419; skull superstition,

444; horse-skull in church, 445; paganism, 446 Irish yew, the, 361, 406 Iron Age, Early, 248, 249, 257, 261, 283, 312, 429, 433 Iron pyrites, 285, 286 Irving, Dr A., discoveries at Bishops Stortford, 418 Isis, and ox-worship, 484 Islay (Scotland), 294 Isle of Man, Tynwald, 64; “cronks,” 71; burial without coffins, 271 Isle of Portland, church-gift custom, 155 Isle of Purbeck, discovery of stone coffins, 275 Isle of Sheppey, 192 Isle of Wight, landmark towers, 130; graves, 264; churches, 495 Italy, orientation of churches in, 213, 214; abbeys of, 330; holm oak on graves, 401; use of horse-labour, 468; horse superstition, 497 Itchenswell (Hants.), 96 Jackson, Mr J. R., on Hensor yew, 376 Japan, sun-worship, 255; burial of suicides, 358; yews of, 361 Jarrow, early church, 23; Bede’s chair, 43; inscription at, 149 Jars, acoustic, 446-9 Jeaffreson, J. C., on powers of Mediaeval ecclesiastics, 139 Jeans, Rev. G. E., on Mottestone, 45 Jerusalem, orientation towards, 208; prayer towards, 218 Jesse, Edward, on age of yews, 364 Jessopp, Canon A., on Old Hunstanton mound, 69; hill-digging, 82; church treasure, 125-6; miracle plays, 182 Jet beads, in graves, 300 Jewellery, in graves, 310,

312, 314 Jewitt, L., on grave-mounds, 274; horseshoes, 424 n.; chariot-burial, 430 Jews, the, and orientation, 216-20; burial custom, 317; symbolism of right and left hand, 326; and shoeing horses, 472; on sacrifice, 481 Job, on sun-worship, 218; and the North, 334; his description of the war-horse, 420 Johnston, Mr P. M., on Burpham church, 16; on orientation, 209; on Bosham church, 495 Joly, Prof. N., on domestication of the horse, 415 Jones, Inigo, church built by, 206 Jones, Prof. Rupert, on Bede’s chair, 43; burial superstition, 292-3 Jonson, Ben, burial of, 266 Josiah, and priests of Baal, 218 Jossing-blocks, or stirrup stones, 157 Jowett, Prof. B., quoted, 297 “Jugum” (of oxen), 456 Julian calendar, 254 Juno, temple of, 442 Jupiter, and white oxen, 483 Jurby (I. of Man), 71 Justinian, Emperor, on church-building, 353 Jutland, horse-skulls on gables, 441 Kalm, Peter, on raised churchyards, 91; cattle kept in churchyards, 187 Kalmucks, and the horse, 419 Karnak (Egypt), 221 Kauffmann, Prof. F., on temple of Upsala, 28; pagan temples, 65; ancient modes of thought, 204 Keeps, castle, 52, 107 Kells (co. Meath), 119, 120 Kemble, J. M., on bulls in divination, 435 Kemsing (Kent),

40 Kenardington (Kent), 15 Kennett, Dr White, on graves, 244 Kent, churches of, 4; churchyards, 187; White Horse of, 433, 435; “hoodening horse,” 441 Kerdreuff (Brittany), 202 Kerry (Montgomery), 99 Kersal Cell (Lancs.), 377 Kesserloch (Baden), 415 n. “Kews” (= ox-shoes), 472-3 Keysler, J. G., on inhumation, 263; chariot-burial, 429; horse sacrifices, 435; eating of horseflesh, 436-8 Kil-, prefix in place-names, 33 Kilfowyr (Carmarthen), 33 Kilham (Yorks.), stocks, 165; Danes’ graves, 248-9, 261 Kilpeck (Hereford), 52, 63 Kilsant (Carmarthen), 33 King Henry IV, Second pt, quoted, 457 King Henry VI, First pt, quoted, 335; Second pt, 284 Kingly Bottom, or Vale (Sussex), 375, 401 “King’s evil,” 202 n. Kingsley, Charles, on the North wind, 334; and Eversley, 345; Swallowfield yew, 378 Kingusie, or Kingussie (Inverness), 65 Kipling, Mr Rudyard, quoted, 333 Kirby Grindalythe (Yorks.), 354 Kirk-, prefix in place-names, 33; etymology of, 145-7 Kirkamool (Shetland Isles), 31 Kirkcolm (Wigtown), 33 Kirkdale (Yorks.), 162 Kirk Ella (Yorks.), 33, 165 Kirton-in-Lindsey (Lincs.), 346 Kitchen-midden, near Constantine church, 42 Kitchin, Dean, on Twyford megalith, 45 Knollton (see Knowlton)

Knowles, Mr W. J., on remains of the horse at Whitepark Bay, 418 Knowlton (Dorset), church within earthwork, 13; yews, 401 Kyre Park (Worcester), 365 Lady of the Lake, quoted, 403 Lake-dwellings, 249 n., 416, 421, 480 La Laugerie (France), 415 Laleston (Glamorgan), 31 La Madelaine cave (France), 412 Lamb-ales, 179 Lambeth (London), 343 Lammas (Norfolk), 230 Lammer-beads (= amber-beads), 301 Lancashire, funeral custom, 318 Lancisi, and the writings of Mercati, 199 Lang, Mr A., on burial of suicides, 358 Langdon, Mr A. G., on the study of Cornish crosses, 36 Langham, Archbishop, on Sunday markets, 192 Langsett (Yorks.), 404 Laniscat (Brittany), 202 Lankester, Sir E. Ray, on the horse, 408 Lapland, heathen customs, 29, 286; graves, 286, 309 Larousse, Pierre, on burial of clergy, 244 Lascars, burial custom of, 316 Late-Celtic period, cemetery of, 249, 299, 321, 434; burials, 276, 430; bucket, 434 La Tène, period of culture, 276 Laud, Archbishop, and tribunals held in churches, 140; Easter feasts in churches, 180 Laughton-en-le-Morthen (Yorks.), 59, 192 Lavants (= intermittent springs), 96 Lavenham (Suffolk), 346 Leach, Mr A. L., on Gumfreston springs, 95 Leake, John, his map referred

to, 222, 227 “Leaning-head theory,” 235-6 Leatherhead (Surrey), squint, 151-2; deflection of tower, 235 Ledbury (Hereford), 122 Ledger stones, 347 Leeds (Kent), church, 4; acoustic jars, 448-9 Lega-Weekes, Miss E., on church armour, 158 Legge, Dr W. Heneage, on ox-teams, 455; ox-yoke, 462 Leicester, 30, 283 Leicestershire, church, 236 Leith Hill (Surrey), 266 Le Mans (France), 29 n. Leo I, Pope, and bowing to the sun, 212 Lepidotus gigas (= fossil fish), 307 Lewes (Sussex), St John’s-sub-Castro, 13; Saxon cemetery, 83; Castle, 463; race-course, 467; ox-carriage, 484 Liber Festivalis, quoted, 381 Libraries in churches, 155, 163 Lichens, 334 Lichfield, holy well, 95; alinement of cathedral, 230 Life of St Cuthbert, quoted, 459 Lighthouse, supposed, at Dover Castle, 19, 20 Linchets, on Shawford Downs, 45 Lincoln, cathedral, 126; cathedral watchmen, 126; Heath, 130; St Mary’s Guildhall, 178; execution at, 351 Lincolnshire, burial superstition, 18; holy wells, 97; Danish invasion of, 108-11; burials, 248; burial superstition, 292, 295; church doors, 331; unenclosed churchyards, 355; churchyard trees, 406; oxen, 453, 460; ox-yoke, 462 Lindisfarne, Priory church, 245 Linton Heath

(Cambs.), 402 n. Lithuania, 363, 477 Litlington (Cambs.), 8 Little Coates (Lincs.), 72 Little Dunkeld (Perth), 94 Little Stukeley (Hunts.), 289 Littleton (Middlesex), 344 Little Washbourne (Glos.), 355 Littré, É., translation of Pliny, 294 Livy, cited, 70, 327 Llan-, prefix in place-names, 33 Llanbedr (Vale of Conway), 79 Llanberis (Carnarvon), 94 Llandegla (Denbigh), 94 Llandeilo Llwydarth (Pembroke), 94 Llanelian (Denbigh), holy well, 94; church chest, 168, 169; dog-tongs, 190 Llanfaglan (Carnarvon), 94 Llanfechain (Montgomery), 99 Llangenydd (Glamorgan), 31 Llanllechid (Denbigh), 104 Llanwrythwl (Brecon), 48 Local Government Act, of 1894, 142 Lockyer, Sir J. Norman, on cromlechs, 28, 48; sites of churches, 48; dates of fairs, 192-3; Egyptian temples, 221; “Saint’s Day theory,” 225; alinement of megaliths, 252-4, 255, 258; earthworks, 259 Logan, J., on stone-circles, 65-6 Lollards, trial of, in churches, 139 Lombardic treaties, 338 London, holy wells, 96; ancient burials, 247, 271; burials without coffins, 271; horseshoes, 427; market for oxen, 457; bell-casting, 459; wild bulls near, 477 London Clay, 409 London Geologists’ Association, 41 Long-bow, antiquity of, 387-9; at Creçy

and Poitiers, 389; supersedes cross-bow, 389-90 Longman, Mr C. F. (and Col. F. Walrond), on bows, 389 Lord’s House, the, 150-1 Loudon, J. C., on Fortingal yew, 376 Louth (Lincs.), 240, 453, 462 Loversall (Yorks.), 346 Lovett, Mr E., on Sussex barrow, 302 Lowe, Dr J., his Yew-Trees cited, 364; estimate of age of yews, 364, 365-6, 368, 369, 370, 372, 373-4, 375; his rule discussed, 365, 368-70, 373-4; “shelter theory,” 384; “bow theory,” 393; prehistoric respect for the yew, 400 Lower Greensand, 269 Lower Halstow (Kent), 4 Low side windows, 237, 329 Lucarnes (= dormer windows), 117 Lucas, Mr Seymour, on Mendlesham armour, 160 Lucas, Mr W. J., on Good Friday sports, 195 Ludborough (Lincs.), 16 Ludlow (Salop), 82, 95 Lull, Prof. R. S., 408 Lullingstone (Kent), 384 Luppitt (Devon), 449-50 Luxembourg, dancing in churches, 185; burial customs, 311 Lycidas, quoted, 397 Lydd (Kent), 143 Lydden (Kent), 187 n. Lydekker, Mr R., on the horse, 408, 416 n. Lyme Park (Cheshire), 477 Lyminge (Kent), 4, 20, 21 Lyminster (Sussex), 496 Lysons, Daniel, cited, 78 Macbeth, quoted, 396 Macclesfield (Cheshire), 71 Mackarness, F. C., cited, 187 Mâcon (France), 420 Macpherson, J., his Ossian quoted, 283-4,

401 Macrobius, on cremation, 276 Magdalenian caves, 411, 412, 497 Magna Charta, referred to, 383 Magnetic needle, early knowledge of, 227-8, 233; where first discovered, 228, 324; variation of, 228, 233 Magnus, Olaus, on armour in churches, 161 Maid Marian, 441 Maidstone (Kent), 459 n. Maitland, Prof. F. W., on the parish vestry, 142 Malabar, 222 n. Malay, terms for points of compass, 327 Malden (Beds.), 342 Malden (Surrey), 32, 33 Maldon (Essex), 33 Malkin, B. H., on churchyard sports, 197 Mallett, Mr Reddie, and Harlyn Bay discoveries, 299 Malmesbury (Wilts.), 154 Manning and Bray, cited, 266 n., 371 Manningford Bruce (Wilts.), 344 Manorbier (Pembroke), 237 n. Manor Courts, 137 Manuscripts, illuminated, 455, 459 Maplederwell (Hants.), 96 Maples, in churchyards, 384 Maplescombe (Kent), 38, 39, 40 Marathon, Battle of, 419 Mares, kept for milk, 419, 421; ridden by priests, 436, 457; used for draught, 457, 457 n. Mariner’s compass, 228 Market Overton (Rutland), 12 Markets, in churches, 173-4; in churchyards, 191-2; on Sundays, 192 Market Weighton (Yorks.), 32, 430 Marlborough (Wilts.), 434 Marlborough Downs, 38 Marprelate Tracts, the, 244, 244 n. Marriage, at the church-door, 156

Marsh, Prof. O. C., on the horse, 408 Marshall, W., on use of oxen in Yorkshire, 453, 465; working age of oxen, 465 Martin Hussingtree (Worcester), 348 Martin Monthes Mind, quoted, 244 Marylebone (London), 206 Mas d’Azil (France), 414, 416 Mashonaland, 222 n. Mason, W., poet, quoted, 497 Maxton, Mr W. J., on St Saviour’s, Southwark, 231 Mayall, Mr A., on Kersal yew, 377 May-Day, and well-dressing, 92; customs, 92, 97 n. Mayence, museum, 428 Maylam, Mr P., on the “hoodening horse,” 441 Maynard, Mr G., on Essex churches, 4; discoveries at Colchester, 274 Mayors, chosen in church, 143 May-year, the, 193, 253 McIntyre, Mr P., on Gaelic, 49 n. Mecklenburg, horse-skull superstition, 440 Mediaeval earthworks, 16, 60, 89; settlements, 16, 89; treasure-diggers, 82-3; churches, 125; villages, 167; burials, 271, 289, 311, 317; symbolism, 324, 337, 407; tombstones, 347; superstition, 446; use of salt meat, 465-6; shoeing of oxen, 470-1 Megaliths, kinds of, 28, 34; new churches, 34, 42-9, 104, 400; destruction of, 42-3; orientation of, 229, 252-8; discoveries at, 308 Melling (Lancs.), 59 Mellitus, Abbot, letter to, 482 Mells (Somerset), 377, 380 Melsonby (Yorks.), 107 Mendlesham (Suffolk), 160

Menhirs, 34-5, 37, 45, 136, 255; at St Mabyn, 42; Rudstone, 43; Mottestone, 45 Mentmore (Bucks.), 83 Meopham (Kent), 40 Meppershall (Beds.), 60 Mercati, Michele, on fossils, 199 Merovingian burials, 283, 285 Merrington (Northumberland), 107 Merstham (Surrey), 96, 101 Mesohippus, 409, 410 Mesolithic period, 418 Metz (Germany), 447 Miall, Prof. L. C., on “negative exceptions,” 350 Mickleham (Surrey), 230 Micklethwaite, Mr J. T., on Wakefield parish church, 344 Micraster (= fossil echinoderm), in graves, 302, 303, 304 Middlesex, yews of, 406 Middleton, Bishop, and the orientation of churches, 208 Middleton Stoney (Oxford), 244 Midsummer festivals, 192; fires, 440, 446 Migne, M. L’Abbé, on church of St Benoît, 210 Milan (Italy), 212, 216 Mildmay, Sir W., on orientation, 208, 210 Miln, Mr James, his discoveries at Carnac, 482 Milton, John, L’Allegro, quoted, 326; Paradise Lost, quoted, 335; Comus, quoted, 452 Milton Lilbourne (Wilts.), 90 Minster (Kent), 79 Miracle plays, development of, 181-3; in church, 182-3; in the churchyard, 182-3; in the market-place, 182 Mirrors, placed in coffins, 310 Mistletoe, 399 Mitcham (Surrey), pre-Saxon cemetery, 247; churchyard, 384 Mitchell, Sir A.,

on discoveries at Alloa, 275 Mithraism, 27 Moated mounds, or mounts, 51, 54; St Weonards, 56; Thruxton, 56; Penwortham, 56, 57; Arkholme, 56; Warrington, 56, 57 Moats, 52, 66, 67, 89, 98 Molech, worship of, 220 Monasteries, dissolution of, 289 Money, Mr W., 373 Mongolian horse, 413, 416 Monken Hadley (Middlesex), 162 Montaigne, Michel, on annual rings in trees, 369 Montault, Mgr B. de, on orientation of churches, 213 Montelius, Prof. O., on stone-circles, 28; Thor’s hammer, 198; holy wells, 93; amber axes, 299 Montgomerie, Mr D. H., on Pirton Toot Hill, 61 Montgomery, round churches of, 99 Mont St Michel (Brittany), 129 Mont St Michel (Normandy), 129 Moot-hills, 51, 63, 67, 70; near churches, 63, 66; meaning of word, 63 Moresby (Cumberland), 12 Morocco, burial of suicides in, 358 Morris dances, in church, 184-5, 195; meaning of word, 184 Mortillet, M. G. de, on domestication of the horse, 415 Mortimer, Mr J. R., on Duggleby Howe, 66; Willy Howe, 66-7; mound-crosses, 68; Fimber, 78; Kilham graves, 248; statistics of alinements, 249, 250, 251; groups of barrows, 261-2; Easington barrow, 274; objects found in barrows, 282; position of body in the mound, 356; remains of the horse in

barrows, 417, 419; chariot-burial, 430 Morwenstow (Cornwall), 343 Mosaic Law, 436 “Mother Ludlam’s Kettle,” 178 “Motte” and “mota,” 52 Mottes (see Moated mounds) Mottistone (I. of Wight), 165; menhir, 45; stocks, 165 Mound-crosses, 68 Mounting blocks, 157, 188 Much Wymondley (Herts.), 7 Mud, Mude, or Mundal Hill, 67 Mules, shoeing of, 423, 423 n., 470 Müller, Max, and the Aryans, 333 Murderers, burial of, 351, 352, 358-9 Murols (Puy de Dôme), 298 Murray, Sir James, on “belfry,” 127; “church,” 145-6 Museums, Brighton, 80; Colchester, 84; Vatican (Rome), 199; British, 223, 402; Guildhall (London), 272, 424, 425, 426; Science and Art (Dublin), 402; Natural History, 411; Mayence, 428; Horniman (London), 441; Louth, 462; Lewes (Sussex), 463 Musselburgh (Midlothian), 94 Myfyr Morganwg, Arch-Druid, 258 Names and their Histories, cited, 32 Nanterre (France), 430 Naogeorgus, Thomas, on markets in churches, 174 Narburgh (Nottingham), 266 Nativity plays, 181 Nave, uses of the, 132, 154, 170-1; as warehouse, 171; used for markets, 173-4; miracle plays in, 182, 183; morris dances in, 184 Neale, J. M., on orientation of churches, 224 Neckham, Alexander, on magnetic needle, 228 Necklaces, in

graves, 301, 305, 307, 308 “Negative exceptions,” 242, 350 Neilson, Mr G., on castle-mounds, 55 Neolithic celts, 79-80, 197, 298; burials, 249, 280, 320; yew, 361; bows, 387-8; horses, 416, 417, 418; bone-caves, 417-18; oxen, 477, 479, 481 Nero, and shoeing of mules, 423 Netherby (Yorks.), 422 Neville, Rev. H. M., on horseshoes, 426 Newbourne (Suffolk), 343 Newcastle, St Nicholas’ church, 131, 138, 175, 359 New Forest proverb, 360 Newfoundland, 199 Newhaven (Sussex), 465 Newington (Kent), 448 Newlands Corner (Surrey), 407 New Oxford Dictionary, cited, 149, 320 New Romney (Kent), 143 Nine Maidens (stone-row), 256 Nordvi, A. G., discoveries in Lapland, 309 Norfolk, hill-digging in, 83; round towers, 123; orientation of churches, 222; burial custom, 311; burial on North side, 343, 347 Norham (Northumberland), court held in church, 136; churchyard, 345 Norman castles, 52-9; churches, 55-6, 57-8, 63, 80, 97, 239; cross-bow, 389 Normandy, objects in churches, 203; churchyard yews, 406; acoustic jars, 447 North, side of churches, 239; determination of position by the, 327; symbolism of the, 324-38; Bible references, 334-5; in place-names, 339-40; side of churchyards disliked, 341-53

Northam (Devon), 496 Northampton, round church, 99; mayor chosen in church, 143; fairs in churchyard, 192 North Cockerington (Lincs.), 344 North Cotes (Lincs.), 340 North Curry (Somerset), 230 Northfleet (Kent), 128 North Mimms (Herts.), 384 North Molton (Devon), 41 Northolt (Middlesex), 291 North Ormsby (Lincs.), 453 Northorpe (Lincs.), 165, 189 North side of churchyards, burial on, 341-53, 490; headstones, 344-5, 347-8; sports held there, 352-3 North Thoresby (Lincs.), 193 Northumberland, burial custom, 297; horseshoes, 426; ox-team, 461 Norton, as place-name, 339 Norton (Derby), 111 Norton (Worcester), 355 Norway, aerolite tradition, 198; folk-medicine, 298; settlements, 340; rock carvings, 421; and horseflesh, 438; domestic utensils of, 440-1 Norwich, desecration of churches, 174; acoustic jars, 448 Notes and Queries, referred to, 158, 342 Notices on church doors, 143 Nunney (Somerset), 115 Nun Ormsby (see North Ormsby) Nursery rhymes, concerning oxen, 486 Oak, growth of the, 369 Ockham (Surrey), 62 O’Curry, E., on wands of yew, 402 Odin, burial-place of, 28; and horseflesh, 438; horse-heads offered to, 440; and the “hoodening horse,” 441 Offchurch (Warwick), 369 Offerings to

the dead, 280, 282, 295 Ogams, or Oghams, 401 Ogbourne Maisey (Wilts.), 75 Ogbury Downs (Wilts.), 320 “Oillets” (= slits in castle walls), 117 Old Hunstanton (Norfolk), 69 Old Topography of London, cited, 222-3 Olufsen, O., on burial customs of the Pamirs,