CHAPTER XI (continued 1)
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Toy, Crawford Howell and Jastrow, Morris
Source notes
251 Batchelor, The Ainu (the hunting of the bear); and so many American tribes, and, in part, some half-civilized peoples, as the Arabs of North Africa.
252 Teit, in Jesup North Pacific Expedition, ii, 280.
253 Seligmann, The Melanesians of British New Guinea, p. 291 ff.
254 Hollis, The Nandi, p. 8 (cf. p. 24).
255 Hollis (op. cit., p. 6 f.) relates that on a certain occasion when his party was driven from its wagons by a swarm of bees, a Nandi man appeared, announced that he was of the bee totem, and volunteered to restore quiet, which he did, going stark naked into the swarm. His success was doubtless due to his knowledge of the habits of bees.
256 So in the Tsimshian ceremony in eating the first fish caught (Boas, in Fifth Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, vol. lix, p. 51). Cf. the Jewish rule (Ex. xii, 46), which may have had a similar origin.
257 Teit, in Jesup North Pacific Expedition, ii, 282. A similar provision is mentioned in Ex. xvi, 16-20.
258 Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, p. 167 f., and Native Tribes of Northern Australia, p. 308 etc.; Strehlow, Die Aranda-und Loritjastämme in Zentralaustralien, part ii, p. 39 etc.
259 Dixon, The Northern Maidu, p. 285 f.
260 Seligmann, The Melanesians of British New Guinea, p. 177 f.
261 Dorsey, The Skidi Pawnee, p. 149.
262 Seligmann, op. cit., p. 291 ff.
263 Here again the taboos are precautions against injurious supernatural influences.
264 He is said also to imitate the cries of animals—that is, he combines natural means with supernatural.
265 Spencer and Gillen, and Strehlow, loc. cit.
266 This feeling for the tribal life may be called germinal public spirit. Cf. above, § 103.
267 Frazer, Golden Bough, 2d ed., ii, 238 ff.
268 Hopkins, Religions of India, p. 526.
269 Frazer (Golden Bough, 2d. ed., ii, 43 ff.) refers to B. Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, ii, 311; Strachey, Historie, p. 84; Krapf, Travels, p. 69 f.; Mone, Geschichte des Heldenthums im nördlichen Europa, i, 119. See, further, T. Williams and Calvert, Fiji, p. 181 f.; W. Crooke, Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India, ii, 169.
270 Ex. xxii, 29 [28]; xiii, 12, 13.
271 Spencer and Gillen, op. cit., chap. vi.
272Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxv, 104 ff.
273 Frazer, Golden Bough, 2d ed., iii, 78.
274Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxiii, 18; xxvi, 30. Other examples are given by Frazer in his Golden Bough, 2d. ed., i, 81 ff., 163; he cites cases of persons (priests and kings) held responsible for rain, and put to death if they failed to supply it.
275 Turner, Samoa, p. 145. On certain Roman ceremonies (that of the lapis manalis and others) that have been supposed to be connected with rain making see Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer, p. 106; W. W. Fowler, Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic, iii.
276 Spencer and Gillen, Northern Tribes of Central Australia, p. 23.
277 Tylor, Primitive Culture, i, 454; Westermarck, Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, i, 52 ff.; ii, 532 ff.
278 There is, of course, another side to the character of ghosts—sometimes they are friendly.
279 Ploss, Das Kind, 2d ed., i, chap. iv.
280 Numb. xix.
281 Frazer, Golden Bough, 2d ed., iii, 39 ff.
282 J. J. M. de Groot, Religion of the Chinese, chap. ii.
283 Batchelor, The Ainu, new ed., p. 321 f.
284 Josh. vii (story of Achan).
285 Examples are given in Frazer's Golden Bough, loc. cit.
286 Lev. xiv, 1-9.
287 Lev. xvi. Cf. the vision (Zech. v, 5 ff.) in which wickedness (or guilt), in the shape of a woman, is represented (in no brotherly spirit) as being transferred from Jewish soil to Shinar (Chaldea).
288 Miss J. E. Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, p. 95 ff.
289 Later the festival was certainly connected with the driving forth of winter, but its earlier form was, probably, as given above.
290 W. W. Fowler, Roman Festivals, Index, s.v. Mamurius, Lupercalia. The beating was supposed also to have fertilizing power; cf. S. Hartland, Primitive Paternity, i, 100 ff.