§ 104. (continued 1)
Project Gutenberg EPUB3 edition
Strauss, David Friedrich and Eliot, George
Source notes
1 See the passages quoted in the first volume, Introd. § 14, notes 9, 10, to which may be added 4 Esdr. xiii. 50 (Fabric. Cod. pseudepigr. V. T. ii. p. 286), and Sohar Exod. fol. iii. col. 12 (Schöttgen, horæ, ii. p. 541, also in Bertholdt’s Christol. § 33, note 1). ↑
2 See the rabbinical passages quoted in the 1st vol. ut sup. ↑
3 That the σεληνιαζόμενοι associated with them by Matthew are only a particular species of demoniacs, whose malady appeared to be governed by the changes of the moon, is proved by Matt. xvii. 14 ff. where a δαιμόνιον is expelled from a σεληνιαζόμενος. ↑
4 Compare the passages of ancient physicians, ap. Winer, bibl. Realwörterb. 1, s. 191. ↑
5 Rabbinical and other passages, ap. Winer, ut sup. s. 192. ↑
6 Exeg. Handb. 1, b, s. 475; comp. Hase, L. J. s. 60. ↑
7 Ut sup. s. 191. ↑
8 Grätz, Comm. z. Matth. 1, s. 615. ↑
9 B. Comm. 1, s. 424. According to this, the passage relates to the Jewish people, who before the exile were possessed by the devil in the form of idolatry, and afterwards in the worst form of Pharisaism. ↑
10 Thus Fritzsche, in Matt., p. 447. ↑
11 Exeg. Handb. 2, s. 566. ↑
12 Ut sup. 1, b, s. 483; 2, s. 96. ↑
13 Hence the words δαιμονᾷν, κακοδαιμονᾷν were used as synonymous with μελανχολᾷν μαίνεσθαι. Hippocrates had to combat the opinion that epilepsy was the effect of demoniacal influence. Vid. Wetstein, s. 282 ff. ↑
14 Let the reader compare the רוּחַ רָעָה מֵאֵת יְהוָֹה, which made Saul melancholy, 1 Sam. xvi. 14. Its influence on Saul is expressed by בִּעֲתַתּוּ. ↑
15 Vid. Creuzer, Symbolik, 3, s. 69 f.; Baur, Apollonius von Tyana und Christus, s. 144. ↑
16 Bell. jud. vii. vi. 3. ↑
17 Antiq. vi. xi. 2. On the state of Saul. ↑
18 Philopseud., 16. ↑
19Vitæ Apollon. iv. 20, 25, comp. Baur, ut sup. s. 38 f. 42. Even Aristotle speaks of δαίμονί τινι γενομένοις κατόχοις. de mirab. 166, ed. Bekk. ↑
20 Ut sup., bell. j.: τὰ γὰρ καλούμενα δαιμόνια—πονηρῶν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων πνεύματα, τοῖς ζῶσιν εἰσδυόμενα καὶ κτείνοντα τοὺς βοηθείας μὴ τυνχάνοντας. ↑
21 Apoll. i. 18. ↑
22 Ut sup. iii. 38. ↑
23 Vid. Eisenmenger, entdecktes Judenthum, 2, s. 427. ↑
24 Paulus, exeg. Handb. 2, s. 39; L. J. 1, a, s. 217. He appeals in support of this to Matt. xiv. 2, where Herod, on hearing of the miracles of Jesus, says: It is John the Baptist, he is risen from the dead. In this expression Paulus finds the rabbinical opinion of the עיבור, which is distinct from that of the גלגזל, or transmigration of souls properly so called, (that is, the passage of disembodied souls into the bodies of infants, while in the process of formation), and according to which the soul of a dead person might unite itself to that of a living one, and add to its power (vid. Eisenmenger 2, s. 85 ff.) But, as Fritzsche and others have shown, the word ἠγέρθη refers to an actual resurrection of the Baptist, and not to this rabbinical notion; which, moreover, even were it implied, is totally different from that of demoniacal possession. Here it would be a good spirit who had entered into a prophet for the strengthening of his powers, as according to a later Jewish idea the soul of Seth was united to that of Moses, and again the souls of Moses and Aaron to that of Samuel (Eisenmenger, ut sup.); but from this it would by no means follow, that it was possible for wicked spirits to enter into the living. ↑
25 Justin, Apol. ii. 5., Eisenmenger, ut sup. ↑
26 Homil. viii. 18 f., ix. 9 f. ↑
27 Orat. contra Græcos, 16. ↑
28 See his Commentatio de dæmoniacis quorum in N. T. fit mentio, and his minute consideration of demoniacal cases. So early as the time of Origen, physicians gave natural explanations of the state of those supposed to be possessed. Orig. in Matth. xvii. 15. ↑
29 B. Comm. 1, s. 296, Anm. ↑
30 S. 295 f. ↑
31 S. 302, after the example of Paulus, exeg. Handb. 1, b, s. 474. ↑
32 Homil. viii. 19. ↑
33 Thus Asmodeus chooses Sara and her husband as objects of torment and destruction, not because either the former or the latter were particularly wicked, but because Sara’s beauty attracted him. Tob. vi. 12–15. ↑
34 S. 294. ↑
35 It fills s. 289–298. ↑
36 I have endeavoured to present helps towards a scientific conception of the states in question in several essays, which are now incorporated in my Charakteristiken u. Kritiken. Comp. Wirth, Theorie des Somnambulismus. S. 311 ff. ↑
37 See note 16, the passage quoted from Lucian. ↑
38 Joseph., Antiq. viii. ii. 5. ↑
39 Joseph., ut sup. ↑
40 Gittin, f. lxvii. 2. ↑